SCIENCE

S.E.A
TOPIC :
“ Our
Environment “
 ECOSYSTEM
 All organisms such as plant,
animal, organisms and human
beings as well as the physical
surrounding interact with each
other and maintain a balance in
nature.

 All the interacting organisms in an area together with the

non-living constituent of the environment form an
ecosystem.
 An ecosystem consists of biotic components
comprising living organisms and biotic component
comprising physical factors like temperature, rainfall,
wind, soil and minerals.
 So a garden is an Ecosystem.
 Organisms can be grouped as :
• Producers
• Consumers
• Decomposers

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Producers - [All green plants and certain

bacteria]

Consumers – [Herbivorous, carnivorous,

omnivorous and parasites]

Decomposers – [Bacteria and fungi]

 Food Chains
 Organisms taking part at various biotic levels form a
food chain.
 Each step or level of the food chain forms a trophic
level .
 Food Webs
 The length and complexity
of food chain very greatly.
Each Organism is generally
eaten by two or more other
kinds of of organisms which
in turn are eaten by several
other organisms. So instead
of straight line food chain,
the relationship can be
shown as a series of
branching lines called a food
web.
 Flow of energy in an Ecosystem
From the energy flow diagram we can get to know about two
things :-
 Firstly, the flow of energy is unidirectional.
 Secondly, the energy available at each trophic level gets
diminished progressively due to the loss of energy at its
level
 Biological Magnification
 Another interesting aspect of food chain is how
unknowingly some harmful Chemicals enter our bodies
through the food chain.

 One of the reason is the use of several pesticides and

other chemical to protect our crop from diseases and
pests this chemical are either washdown into the soil or
into the water bodies. From the soil these are observed
by the plants along with the water and Minerals and from
the water bodies these are taken up by the aquatic plants
and animal.
 This is one of the ways in which enter the food chain as
these Chemicals are not degradable this gets accumulated
progressively at each trophic level as human being occupy
the top level in any food chain the maximum concentration
of these chemicals the two belated in our bodies
 This phenomenon is known as Biological magnification
 How Do Our Activities Affect The
Environment
 We are an integral part of the environment. Changes in
the environment affect us and other activities change
the environment around us.

 The main two environmental problems

are :
•Depletion of Ozone layer
•Waste disposal.
• Ozone layer depletion
• Waste disposal
THANK
YOU