TRADE

CONNECTIVITY
CHAIRUNNISA
Three Dimension of Trade Connectivity
The three dimensions of trade connectivity have
complementary drivers of growth and efficiency.

01 02
The main drivers of The main drivers of policy
maritime networks are interventions for port
industry strategies by efficiency have been port and
shipping lines terminal operators
Major players have been implementing new port
consolidating their management methods,
operations and are pushing developing public–private
for a hub-and-spoke port partnerships, and improving
system. port logistics and trade
facilitation.
03
The main drivers of hinterland
connectivity are national and
regional governments, through their
regional and economic strategies.
Government actions include
implementation of hard and soft
infrastructure interventions, such as
connecting infrastructure to existing
economic growth poles and setting
up industrial and logistics export-
oriented facilities
MARITIME NETWORKS
Feeder shipping networks as part of Hub-and-Spoke network 
MARITIME TRANSPORTATION
NETWORKS
MARITIME TRANSPORTATION RISK
01
CONCENTRATION
A large share of the traffic
can become concentrated in
a small number of ports,
implying that if a disruption
occurs at a hub or a
gateway, the impact could
be significant.
02
SUBSTITUTABILITY
 If the option of using a
specific hub or gateway is
temporarily removed, what is
the available range of options?
The less possible a substitution
is, the higher is the associated
risk.
03
DEPENDENCE
This represents the share of hinterland
or feeder traffic that is associated with
a single hub or gateway. High levels
of dependence are associated with
vulnerability as they concern
significant cargo volumes that are
more difficult to substitute. This is
particularly the case for hinterlands
associated with a single port and with
few if any options.
PORT EFFICIENCY

Port efficiency focuses on terminal

operations efficiency (productivity).
It relates to the physical quantities of
items, the levels of effort expended, the
scale or scope of activities, and the
efficiency in transforming resources
into some product (or service).
Indicators traditionally used to measure
 Connectivity Performance

• The connectivity
performance of a port
relates to its capacity
to integrate within
maritime supply
chains and the operational
function of a port as a node
in transport networks.
• This dimension of port
performance require the
development of a list of
different types of indicators,
aiming to measure the
performance of the port, and
its various activities, within
a supply chain perspective:
HINTERLAND PERFORMANCE