WHIP ANTENNA

PRESENTED BY

ANANYA TALUKDAR – 61/19

CHIRANJIT PRAJAPATI – 63/19
DHARITRI DUTTA – 64/19
HRIDAYAM BORTHAKUR – 66/17
MOHIT TAYUNG – 25/19
CONTENTS

1. What is whip antenna?

2. How does a whip antenna work?
3. Radiation pattern
4. Gain
5. Length
6. Applications
7. Advantages and disadvantages
8. Conclusion
 WHAT IS WHIP ANTENNA?
 A whip antenna is a type of antenna that consists of
a long, slender, metal rod or wire, usually made of
stainless steel or copper.
 The whip antenna can be used for transmitting or
receiving electromagnetic waves.
 The length of the whip antenna is determined by the
frequency of the radio waves it will transmit or
receive.
HOW DOES A WHIP ANTENNA WORK?

 A whip antenna works by converting electrical energy

into electromagnetic waves and vice versa.
 When an electrical signal is applied to the antenna, it
creates an electric field around it. This field then
generates a magnetic field, which propagates through
space as an electromagnetic wave.
 The length of the antenna determines the frequency of
the electromagnetic wave it can transmit or receive.
 A whip antenna that is a quarter wavelength long is
optimal for transmitting or receiving signals in the
frequency range for which it is designed.
RADIATION PATTERN

 A whip antenna typically has an omnidirectional

radiation pattern, which means that it radiates
equally in all directions around its axis.
 This is because the antenna is vertically polarized
and the electric field is perpendicular to the
antenna element.
 The radiation pattern of a whip antenna can vary
depending on the length of the antenna element
and its height above the ground.
 A longer whip antenna will generally have a
lower radiation angle, which means that more of
its energy is directed towards the horizon.
 Conversely, a shorter whip antenna will have a
higher radiation angle, which means that more of
its energy is directed upwards.
 GAIN

 If mounted above a perfect ground plane, a quarter-wave whip has a gain twice
that of a half wave dipole, or 5.19 dB.
 Radiation resistance is 36.8ohms.
 However without a ground plane the gain is reduced and the radiation resistance
increased.
 Whip mounted on vehicles use the metal skin of the vehicle as a ground plane.
 In hand-held devices usually no explicit ground plane is provided, and the ground
side of the antenna’s feed line is just connected to the ground on the device’s
circuit board.
 Therefore the radio itself or the user’s hand, serves as a rudimentary ground plane.
LENGTH

 The length of the antenna rod is determined by the

wavelength of the radio waves used.
 The most common length is approximately one-
quarter(lamda/4) of the wavelength, called a
“quarter-wave whip”.
 To reduce the length of a whip antenna, an
inductor(loading coil) is often added in series with
it.
 The inductor is always like helix,which distributes
the inductance along the antenna’s length.
 This improves the radiation pattern, and makes
antenna more flexible.
 Advantages
1. Omnidirectional radiation pattern: Whip
antennas radiate signals in all directions, making
them suitable for applications where the antenna
needs to receive or transmit signals from multiple
directions.
2. Easy to install: Whip antennas are easy to install,
and they do not require much space or complex
mounting equipment.
3. Compact size: Whip antennas are relatively small
and compact, making them ideal for use in portable
devices such as walkie-talkies, handheld radios, and
smartphones.
4. Low cost: Whip antennas are generally inexpensive
to manufacture, making them a cost-effective option
for many wireless communication applications.
Disadvantages
1. Limited range: Whip antennas have a limited
range compared to other types of antennas, such
as yagi antennas or parabolic antennas. This
limitation is due to their size and the fact that
they are not directional.
2. Susceptible to interference: Whip antennas are
susceptible to interference from nearby objects
and electrical devices. This interference can
result in poor signal quality and reduced range.
3. Poor performance in certain environments:
Whip antennas may not perform well in certain
environments, such as heavily wooded areas,
urban canyons, or areas with a lot of
electromagnetic interference.
4. Limited frequency range: Whip antennas are
designed to operate within a specific frequency
range, and they may not be suitable for
applications that require operation at higher
frequencies.
 APPLICATIONS

Collection of walkie-talkie with short Tethered fiberglass whip on a

Cellphone whip Whip antenna on portable AM/FM
whips.Units on electrically ends and
antenna with base receiver. military jeep.
small one in foreground have “rubber
loading coil on car.
ducky” antennas.

• Can be used in HF and UHF bands.

• Radio communications: Whip antennas are commonly used in radios, walkie-
talkies,Wifi,GPS ,and other communication devices.
• Mobile phones: Whip antennas are used in cell phones to transmit and receive signals.
• Aviation: Whip antennas are used in aircraft for communication and navigation
purposes.
• Military: Whip antennas are used in military equipment for communication and
surveillance purposes.
CONCLUSION

Whip antennas are simple yet effective devices that play a crucial role in modern
communication systems. By understanding how they work, their advantages and
disadvantages, and their applications, we can appreciate their importance in our
daily lives.
THANK YOU