What is Science?

scientia to know
It refers to an organized body of knowledge, which
people have learned and gained through the use of
scientific processes.
Branches of Science

Physical Sciences
-study of nonliving matter

Biological Sciences
-study of living organisms
 Seismology Physics
Geology
Astronomy
Physical Sciences

Earth sciences Meteorology

Chemistry
Chemistry
-deals with the study of the composition, structure, form,
properties and changes in matter.
Physics
-deals with the study of matter and energy including light,
sound, electricity, magnetism, motion, and radiation.

Earth Sciences
-deal with the scientific study of Earth, its composition,
structure, and other astronomical objects, interacting with it.
Geology
-deals with the study of origin, history, structure, and
evolution of the crust of Earth.
Meteorology
-deals with the study of the atmosphere that focuses on weather
processes and forecasting.
Seismology
-deal with the study of earthquakes and the movement of
waves and artificially produced vibrations of Earth
Astronomy
-deal with the study of celestial bodies such as stars, planets,
comets, and galaxies.
 Botany
Biology
Genetics

Biological Sciences

Ecology Zoology
 Biology -deals with the study of living things.
Zoology
-deals with the study of animals, their form and structure
Ecology
-deals with the study of the relationship of living organisms among
one another and their interaction with their surroundings.

Botany
-deals with the study of plants.
Genetics
-deals with the study of heredity, the ways in which
characteristics are passed from parent to offspring.
Let’s try!
 Picking by hand Distillation
Sieving

Separating Mixtures

Decantation
Magnetic Separation
Filtration
Evaporation
 (1) Picking by Hand
It is only useful when the particles are large enough to be seen
clearly.
(2) Decantation
It is the careful pouring out of a liquid leaving the undissolved
substances at the bottom of the container.
Decantate -a liquid poured off from the mixture
Residue -the solid materials
(3) Filtration
it is done with aid of a filter paper which helps separate the
solid particles from the liquid.
Filtrate -filtered liquid
Residue -the solid materials
(4) Evaporation
It separate components of a mixture with a dissolved solid in a
liquid
Water Vapor -the water that evaporates
Residue -the solid materials remains
 (5) Distillation
It is an effective method to separate mixtures that are
comprised of two or more pure liquids.
Distillate -the vapor collected
Residue -the solid materials
Fractional Distillation
The process of separating parts of a liquid by heating it
gradually.
(6) Sieving
It is the method of separating the particles using strainer.

(7) Magnetic Separation

It is the separation of two solids with one part which has
magnetic properties.
Magnetic Components -attracted by a magnet

Nonmagnetic Components -not attracted by a magnet

Let’s try!
Different Systems of the Human Body
1. Integumentary System
2. Musculoskeletal System
3. Digestive System
4. Excretory System
5. Urinary System
6. Respiratory System
7. Circulatory System
8. Nervous System
9. Endocrine System
Integumentary System
It is consists of the skin, hair, nails, and exocrine glands.
DISEASES; Eczema
Warts
Acne
Musculoskeletal System
It is consists of bones, muscles, joints and connective tissues.

DISEASES; Osteoporosis
Fracture
Tenditis
 Digestive System
It is made up of alimentary tract and accessory organs.
DISEASES; Gastritis
Appendicitis
Diabetes
Excretory System
It performs the process of excreting or discharging bodily
waste.
Urinary System DISEASES; Kidney Stones
It is the system that stores and Uremia
eliminates urine.
Respiratory System
It is the group of organs and tissues that allows breathing.
DISEASES; Tuberculosis
Asthma
Pneumonia
Circulatory System
It is serves as a transport system in the body for cellular
metabolism
DISEASES; Anemia
Leukemia
Nervous System
It is the most complex system of the body.
DISEASES; Stroke
Headache
Epilepsy
Alzheimer’s disease
Endocrine System
It is responsible for the internal communication within the body
Let’s try!
Let’s try!
SCIENCE VI
1ST Quarter
 Musculoskeletal System
Its three main function; protection, motion, support

Skull -protects the brain

Periosteum -a very thin layer that covers many bones
Skeletal Muscles -voluntary muscles
Fibrous joints -immovable joints so they do not move
Ligaments -long, fibrous straps that firmly fix the bones to one
another
Respiratory System
The upper airways; nose, larynx and pharynx

Respiration -process of breathing

Diaphragm -responsible for filling the lungs with air when

you inhale
Epiglottis -closes the trachea in the process of eating so the food wi
not enter larynx
Oxygen -the gas that the lungs takes in when breathing
Nose the first and last organ that the air passes through
 Circulatory System
The size of human’s heart is about the size of a fist.

Heart -the central organ of the circulatory system

Platelets -also called thrombocytes
Blood Vessels -these are tubes that carry blood from the heart,
oxygen, nutrients, water and hormones
throughout the body
Capillaries -the smallest blood vessels
Red blood cells -most abundant blood cells
Nervous System
Function; it receives and joins together the sensory inputs
and responds to stimuli
CNS -composed of the brain and spinal cord
PNS -contains cranial and spinal nerves which connects the brain and
the spinal cord to the rest of the body
Neuron -cellular subunits that is present in the nervous system
Dendrites -responsible for the production of proteins within the
cell
Cerebrum -responsible for intelligence and reasoning
Endocrine System
Pituitary gland -called master gland
Platelets -located behind the stomach in the upper left
abdomen
Blood Vessels -these are tubes that carry blood from the heart,
oxygen, nutrients, water and hormones
throughout the body
Capillaries -the smallest blood vessels
Red blood cells -most abundant blood cells
 Let’s try!
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