Chapter-2

Made by:- Divya

 = Algebraic
Expression

 OPERATIONS
 NUMBERS

• ALPHABETS
An algebraic expression is an expression built up from constant
algebraic numbers, variables, and the algebraic operations
(addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and exponentiation
by an exponent that is a rational number).
No, 4 is not an algebraic expression because an expression
should have at least one variable and one operation to be
algebraic.
 What can you
+6 observe? +17t6

𝟏𝟎 𝟔
𝒚 −𝟏𝟓𝒚 +𝟕𝒚 −𝟑𝟔
Power Power of
of variable t
variable is a
x is rational
negative Power of variable y is positive, i.e. 10, 6, 1 number
, i.e. -2 i.e. 5/2
 An expression consisting of variables and coefficients, that
involves only the operations of addition, subtraction,
multiplication, and non-negative integer exponentiation of
variables are called POLYNOMIAL
POLYNOMIALS
Degree of the Polynomial
 If p(x) is a polynomial in x, the highest power of
‘x’ in p(x) is called the degree of polynomial p(x).
Find the value of at ,

Find the value of at , x

Zero of a polynomial
• For a polynomial, there could be some values of the variable for which
the polynomial will be zero. These values are called zeros of a
polynomial. Sometimes, they are also referred to as 
roots of the polynomials.
• If is a polynomial in , and if is any real number, then the value obtained
by replacing by in is called the value of at = , and is denoted by

• As =0 and -1 and 4 are ZEROES of the polynomial.

• Generally, a real number is said to be zero of polynomial , if
Geometrical
meaning of
zeroes
Zeroes of a
polynomial is the X-
coordinates of Points
where Graph
intersects the X-axis.
Graphs of different types of polynomials
 LINEAR POLYNOMIAL
A polynomial of degree 1 is called a linear polynomial. Generally, any linear
polynomial in is of the form , where and are constants(real numbers), ≠ 0.
 Zero of a linear polynomial is of the type .
=

• Every linear polynomial has exactly one

root.
 Geometrical meaning of zeroes of
polynomial
The graph of p(x)= ax+b is a straight line.
 Quadratic Polynomial
 A polynomial of degree 2 is called quadratic
polynomial. Eg: ,
 General form of quadratic polynomial is
where a, b, c are real number and ≠ 0.
 intersects X-axis

 Eg: Draw the graph:

 Has one of the two shapes either open
upwards like or downwards like depending
on whether a>0 or a<0. (parabolas)
3 cases can happen
 CASE1: Here, the graph cuts x-axis at two distinct points A and A´ (two zeroes).
CASE2: Here, the graph cuts the x-axis at exactly one point, i.e., at two coincident
points. So, the two points A and A´ case1 coincide here to become one point A.

The x-coordinate of A is the only zero for QP in this case

CASE3: Here, the graph is either completely above the x-axis or completely
below the x-axis. So, it does not cut the x-axis at any point. So QP has no zero.
• Geometrically, Quadratic Polynomial can
have either two distinct zeroes or two
equal zeroes (i.e., one zero), or no zero.

• Polynomial of degree 2 has at most two

zeroes
CUBIC POLYNOMIAL
• A cubic polynomial can be defined as a polynomial of degree
three. Generally, it can be represented as ax3+bx2+cx+d, where a≠0.

• Eg: Draw the graph of

• Since the curve meets the x-axis in

only three points, their x-coordinates
are the only zeroes of the polynomial.
 CASE
2 CASES  CASE 2:
1:

 0 is the only zero of the  0 and 1 are the only zeroes

polynomial of the polynomial
• There are at most 3 zeroes
for any cubic polynomial

• Any polynomial of degree

3 can have at most three
zeroes.
Relationship between Zeroes and Coefficients of a Polynomial
 Zero of a Linear Polynomial is -
 Relationship between zeroes and coefficients of a Quadratic Polynomial :-
 factorize quadratic polynomials by splitting the middle term.
==

 Value of is zero when i.e.,

When x=1 or x=3
So the zeroes of are 1 and 3
 SUM OF ITS ZEROES =1+3=4=
 PRODUCT OF ZEROES= 1X3=3=
QUADRATIC POLYNOMIAL
CUBIC POLYNOMIAL