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    Ayushman Ranabir
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    Pteridophytes represent the first vascular plants with true roots, stems, and leaves. They reproduce via sporophytes that produce spores through meiosis in sporangia. Some pteridophytes are homosporous, producing one type of spore, while others like Sellaginella are heterosporous, producing both microspores and megaspores. Heterosporous pteridophytes show precursors to seed formation by retaining the female gametophyte on the sporophyte. Key developments in pteridophytes included free-living sporophytes and gametophytes and the evolution of vascular tissue allowing for vertical growth

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    Pteridophytes represent the first vascular plants with true roots, stems, and leaves. They reproduce via sporophytes that produce spores through meiosis in sporangia. Some pteridophytes are homosporous, producing one type of spore, while others like Sellaginella are heterosporous, producing both microspores and megaspores. Heterosporous pteridophytes show precursors to seed formation by retaining the female gametophyte on the sporophyte. Key developments in pteridophytes included free-living sporophytes and gametophytes and the evolution of vascular tissue allowing for vertical growth

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    57 views15 pages

    Class 11 Ch3 Pteridophytes L3

    Uploaded by

    Ayushman Ranabir
    Pteridophytes represent the first vascular plants with true roots, stems, and leaves. They reproduce via sporophytes that produce spores through meiosis in sporangia. Some pteridophytes are homosporous, producing one type of spore, while others like Sellaginella are heterosporous, producing both microspores and megaspores. Heterosporous pteridophytes show precursors to seed formation by retaining the female gametophyte on the sporophyte. Key developments in pteridophytes included free-living sporophytes and gametophytes and the evolution of vascular tissue allowing for vertical growth

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    of 15

    PLANT KINGDOM Lecture 3: PTERIDOPHYTES

    HABITAT
    Cool and humid in algae
    and bryophytes
     Cool and shady place
     Some can grow on sandy soil
    Structure
     Main plant body or dominant stage is sporophyte. (2n) unlike algae
    and bryophytes have gametophyte.
     True root, leaf and stem is present.
     Presence of Vascular bundles supports Vertical growth. (first time in
    evolution)
     The sporophyte body produce leaves called sporophyll that bears
    sporangia.
     Inside the sporangia (2n) meisos occurs to form spore (n).

    In algae , meiosis occurred in zygote.


    In Bryophytes, meiosis occurred in capsule.
    In pteridophyte meiosis occurs in sporangia.
    Structure

    Fig. sellaginella

    Fig. Equisetum
    Fig. Fern

     Small size leaf : microphyll


     Large size leaf : Macrophyll
     Special leaf : Sporophyll
    Cone / strobilus

    No Cone in Fern
     Cluster of sporophyll is called cone or Strobilus(2n)

    strobilus

    Fig. sellaginella
    Fig. Equisetum
    Details of Sporangia

    sporophyll

    sporangia
    Lifecycle

     Homosporous
     Most pteridophytes
     Same size of spore
     Heterosporus
     Different size of sporangia is produced
     Different size of spores are produced
    Sporophyte and gametophyte is free living for
    Lifecycle in homosporus the first time

    Archaegonia
    and
    antheridium
    bears meiosis germinate

    Sporophyte 2n Sporophyll 2n Spore (n) Prothallus (n)


    (freeliving) -green
    -free living
    -gametophyte
    Fertilize
    through produce
    water

    mitosis Zygote (2n) Gametes (n)


    Points to remember (homosporous)

     Pteridophytes gametophytic stage i.e. Prothallus requires shade


     Pteridophyte also require water for fertilization
     Both sporophyte and gametophytes are freeliving.
     Distribution is limited.
     Spores are of same size.
    Heterosporous Pteridophyte
    Develops
    antheridium
    Small sporangia germinate
    (microspore)

    Free living
    Large sporangia prothallus male gametophyte
    (megaspore)

    s i on
    fu
    e te
    m
    Ga

    Develops
    archaegonium zygote Sporophyte
    (2n)

    female gametophyte
    Precursor of Seed habit
     Large spore retains in the sporophyte.
     Fertilization internal and zygote is formed.
     Embryo is retained in the sporophyte
     Under protection
     Preparation to seed formation

    Develops
    archaegonium

    female gametophyte
    Difference
    Homosporous Heterosporous

     Homosporous contain only one type  Hetrosporous contain only two type
    of spores which is small in size. of spores which is small and oone
    large in size.
     Gametophyte is unisexual
     Gametophytes is bisexual.
     Male gametophyte and female
     One type of gametophyte and
    gametophyte, microsporangia and
    sporangia
    megasporangia
     Freeliving Gametophyte.  Female Gametophyte depend on
    sporophyte.
     Sporophyte is dominant
     Eg: Sellaginella and Salvinia
    Requirements for seed formation

     Heterosporous (larger female smaller male)


     Female gametophyte retain on sporophyte.
     Covered with integuments that make up seedcoat.
     Embryo should undergo resting stage.

     In pteridophytes, only two requirements followup that are necessary for seed
    habit. Therefore ‘Precursor of Seed habit’
    Examples 4 classes

     Pteropsida : Pteris, Dryopteria, Adiantum,


    Ophioglossum, Azolla,
    Salvinia
     Lycopsida : Lycopodium, Sellaginella
     Sphenopsida : Equisetum
     Psilopsida : Psiloptum

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