TOKYO UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE

Department of Global Fire Science and Technology

Assessing the degree of safety of Design simplified

equations in designing beam capacity under
elevated temperature conditions

Presenter : Le Hai Yen

Supervisor : Prof. Mamoru Kohno
OUTLINE

I OBJECTIVE

II METHOD

OUTLINE
III PROCEDURE

IV FUTURE PLAN
I. RESEARCH OBJECTIVE 3
 Calculating beam capacity under elevated temperature following Design
simplified equations. Compare with the results of the Simulation in Abaqus
 Assessing the degree of safety of Design simplified equations.

 Assessing the proper temperature used for the Design of simplified equations
(which location is representative temperature).

The temperature of steel differs

depending on the locations in
the cross-section.

Objective Method Procedure Future plan

II. RESEARCH METHOD 4
Original specimen Step 1: Calculation following Step 2: Simulation in Abaqus
ALC
Design simplified equations
steel
 Following Eurocode 3
 Following the Fire resistance
cover verification method in the
Building Standard Law of Japan
• Calculate the Design & Resistance

H-400x200x8x13
Moment and Force
• Calculate the Criticial temperature 𝞱cr
• Calculate time that beam can afford Extract results

Assess the degree of

Make comparisons safety of Design
simplified equations

Objective Method Procedure Future plan

II. RESEARCH METHOD 5
 Differences loading  Differences length and sections
Original specimen

Change

 Differences in boundary conditions

 Caculation following
Design simplified equations Make comparisons

 Simulation in Abaqus Assess the degree of

safety of Design
simplified equations
Objective Method Procedure Future plan
III. PROCEDURE 6
Step 1: Calculation following Design equations in Eurocode 3

Calculate the Design

Original
Moment and Force specimen
M

At normal At elevated 132 kN.m

temperature temperature 88 kN
V
Md = Normal Md (kN.m) 203
Md, fi = ᶯfi. Md temperature
Vd (kN) 135
Vd = Vd, fi = ᶯfi. Vd
Elevated Md,fi (kN.m) 132
ᶯfi= 0.65 reduction factor for the design Temperature
load for the fire situation condition Vd,fi (kN) 88

Objective Method Procedure Future plan

III. PROCEDURE 7
Step 1: Calculation following Design equations in Eurocode 3
Calculate the Design Md,fi = 132 kN.m
Moment and Force Vd,fi = 88 kN

Calculate Resistance At normal temperature At elevated temperature

Moment and Force
MRd = (Wpl fy)/γM,0 Mfi,t,Rd = ky,ϴ(γM,0/γM,fi)MRd/(k1k2)
VRd = Av(fy//γM,0 Vfi,t,Rd = ky,ɵ,webVRd (γM,0/γM,fi)
- Wpl = 1310cm3 plastic modulus of cross-section - ky,ϴ: reduction factor for yield strength of steel at temperature ϴ
- fy= 235 Mpa yield strength - ky,ɵ,web: reduction factor for yield strength of steel at temperature
- γM,0: partial factor ϴweb (average temperature of the web)
- Av= 4287 mm2 the shear area - γM,fi=1: the partial factor for fire condition
- k1=0.85 value for non-uniform temperature distribution across a
cross-section for an insulated beam exposed on three sides
- k2 =1 value for non–uniform temperature distribution along a
beam
Objective Method Procedure Future plan
III. PROCEDURE 8
Step 1: Calculation following Design equations in Eurocode 3
Calculate the Design Md,fi = 132 kN.m
Moment and Force Vd,fi = 88 kN

Calculate Resistance At normal At elevated

Moment and Force temperature temperature
MRd = (Wpl fy)/γM,0 Mfi,t,Rd=MRdky,ϴ(γM,0/γM,fi)/(k1k2)
VRd = Av(fy//γM,0 Vfi,t,Rd =VRd ky,ɵ,web (γM,0/γM,fi)

MRd = 308 kN.m Mfi,t,Rd= 308 ky,ϴ(γM,0/γM,fi)/(k1k2)

VRd = 582 kN Vfi,t,Rd = 582 ky,ɵ,web (γM,0/γM,fi)

Objective Method Procedure Future plan

III. PROCEDURE 9
Step 1: Calculation following Design equations in Eurocode 3
Calculate the Design Md,fi = 132 kN.m
Moment and Force Vd,fi = 88 kN

Calculate Resistance Mfi,t,Rd= 308 ky,ϴ(γM,0/γM,fi)/(k1k2)

Moment and Force Vfi,t,Rd = 582 ky,ɵ,web (γM,0/γM,fi)

 The load-bearing function shall be assumed after a time t in a given fire if:
Md,fi ≤ Mfi,t,Rd 132 ≤ 308 ky,ϴ(γM,0/γM,fi)/(k1k2) 0.36≤ ky,ϴ 𝞱 = 644 oC

Vd,fi ≤ Vfi,t,Rd 88 ≤ 582 ky,ɵ,web (γM,0/γM,fi) 0.15 ≤ ky,ɵ,web 𝞱 ,web = 766 oC

Objective Method Procedure Future plan

III. PROCEDURE 10
Step 1: Calculation following Design equations in Eurocode 3
Calculate the Design Md,fi ≤ Mfi,t,Rd The maximum temperature of
Moment and Force steel is 644 oC
Vd,fi ≤ Vfi,t,Rd The maximum temperature of
Calculate Resistance the web is 766 oC
Moment and Force

The utilisation Relative to moment resistance:

The design value of the
ratio 𝝻o 𝝻 o,M = Md,fi / Mfi,0,Rd = 0.36
degree of utilization:
𝝻 o,M = max( 𝝻 o,M,k ,
Relative to vertical shear:
𝝻 o,v,k) 𝝻 o,M = 0.36
𝝻 o,M = Vd,fi / Vfi,0,Rd = 0.15

Objective Method Procedure Future plan

III. PROCEDURE 11
Step 1: Calculation following Design equations in Eurocode 3
Md,fi ≤ Mfi,t,Rd The maximum temperature
Calculate the Design
that steel can afford is 644 oC
Moment and Force
Vd,fi ≤ Vfi,t,Rd The maximum temperature that
the web can afford is 766 oC
Calculate Resistance
Moment and Force

The utilisation ratio 𝝻o,M = 0.36

𝝻o  Using the simplified equation for calculating
critical temperature
Calculate the 𝞱cr 𝞱cr = 39.19ln [1/(0.9674-1] +482
With 𝝻 0,M = 0.36  𝞱cr = 635 oC
Objective Method Procedure Future plan
III. PROCEDURE 12
Step 1: Calculation following Design equations in Eurocode 3
Md,fi ≤ Mfi,t,Rd The maximum
Calculate the Design
temperature of steel is 644
Moment and Force o
C
Vd,fi ≤ Vfi,t,Rd The maximum temperature
of the web is 766 oC
Calculate Resistance
Moment and Force

Using the utilization The critical temperature

The utilisation ratio 𝝻o ratio 𝞱cr = 635 oC

Calculate the 𝞱cr Critical temperature 𝞱 cr = 635 oC

Objective Method Procedure Future plan

III. PROCEDURE 13
Step 1: Calculation following Design equations in Eurocode 3

Steel temperature The following equation in Eurocode 3,

can determine the temperature increase
Steel temperature development in interval time ∆t:
1200

1000 ∆𝞱a,t = ∆t – (∆
Temperature (oC)

800

600

400

200
 Critical temperature 635 o
C
0
corresponding at time 68 minutes.
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Time (min)
Ambient temperature Temperature of steel

Steel temperature development

Objective Method Procedure Future plan
III. PROCEDURE 14
Step 2: Simulation in Abaqus

H-400x200x8x13

Temperature results of the model in

Abaqus after 68 minutes

Objective Method Procedure Future plan

III. PROCEDURE 15
Step 2: Simulation in Abaqus
Temperature of nodes in cross-section
900
800
700
600

Temperature (oC)
500
400
300
200
100
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Time (min)
Node 1 Node 2 Node 3 Node 4 Node 5 Node 6
Node 7 Node 8 Node 9 Eurocode 3

Nodes in cross-sections Temperature development of nodes in cross-section

Objective Method Procedure Future plan
IV. FUTURE PLAN 16
2022: Oct - Dec 2023

• Calculation design safety of Jan –

original folowing Eurocode 3
Design simplified equation
• Complete a full original model in
Abaqus
 Assessing the representative
temperature.
 Assessing the degree of safety of
Eurocode 3 equation.
• Conduct the same procedure as the Original
Mar model (6-8) different models.
• Learning about Designed simplified
equations in Building Standard Laws of
Apr – Japan. Make calculations with the simulated
May
models.
• Summarize the results and make
May -
June
comparisons among these methods
• Submit a paper to an appropriate journal.
• Summarize obtained results and make a
July -
Sep
conclusion
• Thesis defense and completion

Objective Method Procedure Future plan

Thank you for your kind attention!