LIGHTING DESIGN

BUILDING SERVICES-III
LECTURE-7
30-11-2022
BY
ZAIN ZULFIQAR
Principles of Efficient Lighting Design

Principles of Efficient Lighting Design

▪ • Meet target light levels
▪ • Produce light efficiently
▪ • Deliver light efficiently
▪ • Control lighting operation automatically
Factors in Successful Lighting
Applications

▪ Amount of light required – in Lux (Lu/m 2 )

▪ Lumen output of lamps and fixtures - Lu
▪ Energy efficiency – Efficacy in Lumens/watt
▪ Color Rendering Index - CRI
▪ Color Temperature – in Kelvins
▪ Types of light sources
Amount of Light Required For Specific
Applications

• Light levels are measured in Lux, using a lightmeter.

• Acceptable minimum standards of light levels are set by the
Illuminating Engineers Society (IES).
• Typical requirements are:
– School, commercial office 500 Lux at the task location
– Factory floor 300 Lux at the task location
LAMP INPUT AND OUTPUT

▪ The light output of a lamp is measured in a physical quantity called

lumens, abbreviated Lu. – This value is provided to users as a catalog
or product specification. – For example, a typical 100 watt
incandescent lamp has a light output of about 1700 lumens. A typical
1200 mm fluorescent lamp has a light output of about 3000 lumens.
▪ Input - The lamp input is in terms of electrical power and has the units
of watts.
Efficacy

▪ The performance measure for electric lamps –Efficacy is measured in

units of lumens per watt (Lu/W).
▪ This is not a measure of efficiency since it has units.
*Efficiency has no units, and is either expressed as a decimal number like 0.90, or is stated in percent, like
90 %

▪ Efficacies vary with type and size of lamps.

▪ • A 100 watt incandescent lamp has about 17 lumens per watt
▪ • A modern T8 lamp with electronic ballast has about 100 lumens per
watt..
Example

▪ A 60 watt incandescent lamp has an output of 1100 lumens. What is

the efficacy?

The efficacy equals 1100 lumens divided by 60 watts

= 18.3 Lu/W (lumens/watt)
BALLASTS

▪ -Except for incandescent lamps (including tungsten halogen lamps),

all other lamps are discharge lamps that require a ballast to start and
run the lamps.
Utilization Factor or Co-efficient of utilization

It may be defined as “the ratio of total lumens received

on the working plane to the total lumens emitted by the
light source”.

i.e. Utilization factor = Lumens received on the working plane

Lumens emitted by the lamp

Factors affecting the utilization
factor

▪ Type light fitting

▪ Colour, surface of walls and ceiling
▪ Mounting height of lamps
▪ Area to be illuminated

It’s value lies between 0.4 and 0.6 for direct fittings it varies
from 0.1 to 0.35 for indirect fittings
 Depreciation or Maintenance factor

It may be defined as “the ratio of illumination under normal working

condition to the illumination when every thing is clean or new”.

Illumination under normal working conditions

i.e. D.F =
Illumination when every thing is clean.

It’s value will be between 0.6 to 0.8

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9EE605A.9to10 12
NUMBER OF LAMPS CALCULATIONS

▪ The lumen method of lighting design is used to determine a lighting layout that will
provide a design maintained illuminance. It is valid if the luminaires are mounted
above the working plane in a regular pattern. The method uses the formula:

N = (E x A) / (F x U x M)
▪ N = number of lamps
▪ E = average illuminance on the working plane (lux)
▪ A = area of the working plane (m2)
▪ F = flux from one lamp (lumens)
▪ U = utilization factor
▪ M = maintenance factor.
Problem

▪ A factory measures 50m x 30m. A general lighting scheme is to

illuminate the whole area to 500 lux maintained illuminance using
1000 watt metal halide lamps with an initial efficacy of 90 lumens per
watt. Maintenance factor is 0.6 and utilisation factor is 0.5. Calculate
the number of lamps.
THANKS 