Kelompok 8​

Bartholin's cyst
 1. Feny Febrianty

2. Febri Dyah

3. Rahel Rita S.

4. Paslina Gulo

5. Veni monika trgn

Kelompok 8 6. Stevany melania pangaribuan

7. Noni indriani

8. DebyFebrianiSaputri

9. Riani Mawardah
10. Ayu Lestari Panjaitan
 Bartholin's cyst
Bartholin's glands are glands located on either side of the vaginal opening.
This gland is small, so it is not easily detected by the hands or eyes
Bartholin cysts are fluid-filled tumor cysts originating from the Bartholin glands in
the
lower vaginal lips or labia. These cysts usually appear because there is an
infection,
then the gland which should secrete fluid becomes blocked, so that the fluid
production is held back and does not come out and forms what is called a cyst.

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 Cause of Bartholin’s Cyst
Bartholin cysts are caused by blockages in the ducts of the Bartholin
glands, When the duct is blocked, the fluid will be accommodated in the
duct or back into the gland. Over time, this will cause the ducts or glands
to swell and form cysts.
Blockage of the Bartholin’s glands can be caused by trauma, episiotomy,
childbirth or even infection in the genital area.

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 signs and symptoms

Fluid can accumulate when the opening to the gland (duct) becomes blocked,
this can be caused by an infection or injury.Bartholin cysts can become
infected and form abscesses.A number of bacteria can cause the infection,
including Escherichia coli (E. coli) and bacteria that cause sexually
transmitted infections such as gonorrhea and chlamydia.
Common symptoms of a Bartholin's cyst include:
1. Soft lumps on either side of the vaginal opening
2. Swelling and redness
3. Pain when sitting or walking
4. Fever, in people with low immunity
5. Pain during intercourse
6. vaginal discharge
7. Vaginal pressure.

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 Physiological
The Bartholin’s glands, also called the greater vestibular glands, are two pea-sized glands
located at the back of the vaginal opening. The gland is oval in shape with an average
size of 0.5 cm and is located lateral to the bulbocavernosus muscle. The glands are
homologous to the male bulbourethral or Cowper glands. The gland is connected to a
duct, about 2.5 cm wide, located between the labia minora and the edge of the hymen [2].
Through these ducts, the glands drain mucus into the vestibule of the vagina. The ducts
open at the 4 and 8 o’clock positions in the vaginal vestibule on each side of the vaginal
opening [3]. Embryologically, the Bartholin’s glands originate from the urogenal sinus
and therefore, 2]. This gland is innervated by the pudendal nerve. The lymphatic drainage
of the Bartholin’s glands includes the superficial inguinal and pelvic glands.

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 Pathophysiology
• Cysts are common complications of the Bartholin's gland, affecting the ductal region due to outlet blockage.
When the Bartholin's gland duct orifice becomes obstructed, the glands produce a build-up of mucus. This
build-up leads to a cystic dilation of the duct and cyst formation. Infection of this cyst is likely to result in
Bartholin's gland abscess. Duct cyst is not required for the development of abscess. The abscesses are almost
three times more common than duct cysts . Bartholin's abscess cultures often show polymicrobial infection.
• Lesions in the Bartholin's gland can occur in the form of carcinomas, a rare type of gynecological tumor that
accounts for 2-7% of vulvar carcinomas. This type of vulvar growth is carefully monitored among
postmenopausal women who are more prone to Bartholin's malignancy . The median age at which Bartholin's
gland cancer is diagnosed is 57 years old and carcinoma incidence is highest among women in their 60's. The
2 common types, adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma, account for 80-90% of primary cases. The
remaining 10-20% of cases include transitional, adenoid-cystic or undifferentiated carcinomas . Human
papillomavirus is only related to squamous cell lesions. Benign tumors are rarer than carcinomas.
• Large proportions of Bartholin's gland abscess are bacterial culture positive with Escherichia coli being a
common pathogen.When determining antibacterial treatment options, it is essential to correlate the
microbiological findings with their anti-biogram.

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 Anatomy Bartholin’s Cyst
ANATOMY

Bartholin’s gland (major vestibular gland) -

> external genital organs.

the size ofa pea

(rarely >1cm)

Function: moisten

secrete mucus to provide vaginal lubrication

during sexual intercourse.

Under normal circumstances this gland is

not palpabre on palpation (Manuba, 2008)

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 Bartholin’s cyst Treatment

If the cyst becomes enlarged and the patient begins to experience
symptoms, what is recommended is a marsupilisation – an incision is
made on the inside of the vagina and the cyst is drained.
The cyst wall is then sewn to the vaginal wall. Within two weeks the
vagina will heal normally and the duct will reopen on its own.
Placing a small (catheher) within the cyst to help to refoem the duct
which is removed within 10 days.
 Home Remedies for Bartholin Cyst:
Sitz Bath
In addition to reducing irritation, it promotes Bartholin cyst drainage
and encourages healing. This home remedy for Bartholin cyst also
sanitizes the area and reduces the chances of infection.
Warm Compress
Using warm compresses for Bartholin cyst promotes drainage, which
helps to speed up healing. Infection and inflammation can also be
reduced through its ability to kill bacteria.

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Bartholin’s cyst Treatment 12
 Complication
Complications of this disease in the form of infection. In addition,
complications can arise from the surgical therapy performed, namely in the
form of bleeding, post-operative pain, and also infection.
Complications
Most common: Recurrent Bartholin's abscess.
Rarely: Inflammation and necrosis of patients post drainage incision

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 Diagnosis

• Diagnosis The diagnosis of Bartholin's gland cyst or abscess can

be established from the history and gynecological physical
examination. Patients may complain of a lump in the vulva area,
sometimes accompanied by pain or discomfort during sexual
intercourse. Bartholin cysts can also be asymptomatic. During
physical examination, a cyst was palpable in the unilateral part
of the posterior labia minora, pain and fluctuation.

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