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Bandages For Class
Bandages For Class
DEFINITION:
Bandaging is the process of covering a wound or
an injured part.
USES:
Bandages are used for following purposes:
To prevent contamination of wound by
holding dressings in position.
To provide support to the part that is
injured, sprained or dislocated joint.
To provide rest to the part that is injured.
To prevent & control hemorrhage.
To restrict movement / immobilize a
fracture or a dislocation.
To correct deformity.
To maintain pressure e.g. elastic bandages
applied to the improve venous return.
TYPES OF BANDAGES:
Triangular Bandage.
Roller Bandage.
Special Bandage. E.g. T- bandage.
MATERIALS COMMONLY USED FOR BANDAGES:
Cotton
Cotton gauze
Jute
Wool
Special materials like crape bandage,
elastic bandage.
PARTS ROLLAR OF BANDAGE:
□ Head
□ Free End or tail.
□ PARTS TRIANGULARLAR
OF BANDAGE
POINT
Head 5 4 to 6
Trunk 10 to 15 6 to 8
Leg 6 to 8 4
Arm 5 to 6 3 to 4
Fingers 2.5 2
Hand 5 3
Wrist 5 3
GENERAL PRINCIPLES: -
Select a bandage of proper size &
suitable material.
Put the patient in a comfortable position.
Support the injured area while
bandaging.
If a joint is involved, flex it slightly.
Face the patient while applying the
bandage,
except when applying it to the head.
Hold the roll of the bandage in the
right hand when applying bandage on
the left side, Hold the bandage with the
roll uppermost & apply the outer
surface to the skin, unrolling a few
centimeters of the bandage at a time.
Put some cotton wool on the part
to be bandaged so that the
bandage does not slip or cause
cutting into the skin underneath.
Bandage from below upward,
& from within outward.
Hold the end of the of the bandage
over the outer aspect of the injured
area & wind the bandage around the part
twice to fix it.
When bandaging a limb start
with an oblique turn to keep the
bandage in position, as an
alternative method.
Cover two thirds of the
bandage by the next one, while
covering a large area by winding
the roller bandage around the part.
Keep the edges parallel.
Keep even & not too tight pressure
while applying bandage, too tight
bandage interferes with circulation.
Finish with a straight turn & fix the end with a
safety pin, sticking plaster or by dividing the
terminal portion of the bandage longitudinally &
tying the two ends around the bandaged part.
If possible, leave fingers & toes exposed to
check circulation.
Do not bandage the part too tightly or
too loosely.
Observe the extremities carefully for any
signs of swelling or blueness due to
interference with circulation by a bandage that
is too tight.
When removing a bandage, pass it from one
hand to the other, so that it is collected in a
concertina fashion.
FOLLOWING TERMS ARE USED IN ROLLER BANDAGING.
Simple spiral
Reverse spiral
Figure of eight.
Spica
1. Simple Spiral :
□ This type of bandage is used for uniform
thickness part i.e. wrist or finger.
Each turn of the bandage overlaps the
previous turn.
2.Reverse Spiral:
This bandage is used for the parts where
the thickness varies e.g. legs &
forearms. It is applied in the same way
as the general spiral bandage, but each
turn is reversed as necessary to prevent
gaping & to make the bandage smooth.
3.Figure of Eight:
This bandage is used for elbow & knee
joints. This bandage is made by forming
two loops or oblique turns over a joint. The
turns alternately ascend & descend to
4.Spica:
It is a form of the figure of eight bandage.
The turn is larger than the other. It is used
for joints at right angles to the body,
e.g. the shoulder, groin, thumb.
5.Special Bandages:
A). Many Tail Bandage:
This bandage is usually used for
abdominal wounds & chest injuries.
It is prepared from a number of strips or
tails of flannel or cotton material.
It is 4 to 6 inches wide & has
STEPS OF APPLYING ROLLAR BANDAGE:
FIXING
ROLLING
SECURING
Support of forearm
Forming sling
□ 2. Elevation
Sling:-
This sling is used to support the hand
and forearm in a well raised
position.
-If the hand is bleeding.
-There are complicated chest injuries.
-There are shoulder injuries.
Side bars
Distal -W
□ Parts of a Thomas splint :
A Thomas splint consists of four parts:-
□ 1. A padded metal oval ring with soft
leather set at an angle of 1200 to the
inner bar.
□ 2. Two side bars-one inner and another
outer bars of equal length. They bisect
the oval ring
□ 3. Distal end-where the two side bars are
joined in the form of a ‘W'.
□ 4. Outer side bar is angled 2 inches below
the padded ring to clear the prominent
greater trochanter.
□ Uses of Thomas splint:-
1. To immobilise fracture femur anywhere.
2. As a first aid measure to immobilise the
lower limb injuries.
3. For transportation of an injured patient
4. In the treatment of joint diseases like TB
knee, septic arthritis etc.
Bohler-Braun (BB) Splint:-
□ This is Bohler's modification of Braun
splint. It consists of a heavy metallic frame
with four' pulleys:-
1. Proximal pulley prevents foot drop.
2. Second pulley to apply traction. in the line
of femur.
3. Third pulley to apply traction in the line of
supracondylar area of femur.
4. Fourth pulley to apply traction in line of the
legs.
Indications
□ Skeletal traction is applied through this
frame for comminuted trochanteric
fractures of the femur.
□ It is also used for the treatment of fracture
shaft femur and supracondylar fractures
of the femur.
□ Rarely it can be used for the fracture
shaft of tibia and fibula.
□ One important precaution which should
be taken while using the BB splint is to
provide support at the fracture site and
not at the knee joint to prevent angulation
especially in supracondylar fractures of
femur.
□ Problems of BB Splint:-
1. Makes nursing care difficult
2. It is a heavy and cumbersome
frame.
3. It is associated with recumbent
problems like bedsores
,hypostatic pneumonia, renal
calculi, etc.
PNEUMATIC SPLINTS
□ These are the present generation splints
and are more aesthetic, light and effective.
□ They consist of the splints made up of
pneumatic material and can be easily
applied to the limbs by inflating it with air.
□ They provide a tight fit and are more
comfortable to the patient.
□ Most of the ambulances today carry these
splints which are easy to transport unlike
the crude and hard Thomas splints, etc.
□ Care of the Splints by the Nurse-
1. Padding- The splint should ,be well padded
at the bony prominences and at the injury
sites.
2. Bandage- This should be tied with optimum
pressure.
3. Exercises -Active exercises of the joints
and muscles should be permitted
within the splints.
4. Checking -Daily checking and adjustments
of the splints are recommended.
5. Neurovascular status- Distal neurovascular
status should be assessed daily.
NURSING CARE FOR PATIENTS TREATED
WITH SPLINTS
□ Nursing care assumes extreme importance
in patients treated with splints as most of
these patients are severely injured and are
bed ridden. This can be discussed under
two headings:-
A}-NURSING CARE BEFORE APPLICATION
OF THE SPLINT
□ Take consent.
□ Inform the patient about the procedure.
□ Remove any tight fitting clothes and change
them into easy to wear dresses.
□ Clean the affected part.
□ Select right sized splint.
□ Adequately pad the pressure points and the
perineum.
□ Apply the splint gently.
□ Check for the tightness of the weight cord.
□ After application check for the peripheral
pulses and nerve function.
□ Apply proper weight as per the directions of
the surgeon.
□ Foot end elevation may be required to give
the counter traction.
□ Note: Maximum permissible weight limits:--
a. Skin traction-4-5 kg
b. Skeletal traction-8.10 kg