HAZMAT

Hazardous Materials
 HAZMAT
Any substance (solid, liquid, or gases) that may
cause a harm/kill to the people, property, and
environment.
 (HAZARDOUS MATERIALS AWARENESS LEVEL)

HazMat Incidents – involves the actual or potential release of

hazmat.
 Not the same as fire suppression
 Not the same as the “normal” emergency operations
 It requires different protective equipment, operational
approaches and trainings
 Local government is the first line of defense: well-trained
and motivated first responders.
 Respond: Safely, slowly and methodically.
In the uncontrolled state hazardous materials can
potentially harm anything they touch

Bravery has never been the way

to handle a chemical emergency

Only intelligence and knowledge

will keep you ALIVE

BRAVERY IS A POOR
SUBSTITUTE FOR
KNOWLEDGE
 Three Basic Areas In Which you Stand

SAFE UNSAFE DANGEROUS

• No harmful • Atmospheres or • Situations or

effects from concentrations conditions that
hazardous that will cause are an immediate
materials exist at harm if you stay threat to life and
present time for a prolonged health
period of time • This conditions
can be deadly
and result in
catastrophic
events
“IF YOU DON’T
KNOW DON’T GO”

HAZ MAT DOES

NOT RESPECT
BE NOT
BRAVERY SMART BRAVE
Responsibilities:
 

- EMS Team – responsible for receiving patients/victims,

providing treatment and transport to hospital. 
- SRU Team – responsible for the retrieval and decontamination
of patients/victims before endorsing them to the EMS team.
- HazMat Team – responsible for the management and disposal
of hazardous materials.

- EOD – Responsible for explosive.

- Incident Commander (IC) – the overall in-charge in the same

scene. IC formulates action plan, establish goal and strategies.
IC may also request for additional resources when necessary.
Kinds of Hazardous Materials:
1. Explosive Materials or Potentially Explosive Chemical –
Substances or articles that designed to function by explosion
or rapid release of gas heat by chemical reaction within itself
that cause mass destruction, protection, fire hazards.
Mechanical effects will result blister, bruises and laceration to
human.
 
- Such gun powder, class I, II magazines, blasting cap,
dynamite, ammunitions, fire work or pyrotechnics, black
powder, detonating cord, propellant gas, organic peroxides,
nithromethane, ammonium nitrate, fertilizer and fuel mixture
oil.
2. Compressed Gases (Class II) – Substances are divided
to 3 divisions namely: Flammable gas, non-flammable gas
and poisonous gas. This gases has 68° F boiling point
ignitable mixture when combined with 13% air, or this
substance produce sufficient oxygen support combustion
when combined with reactive material or which substance
have toxic hazard to human health.
 
-Such hydrogen, propane, butane, Cryogenic, nitrogen,
natural gas, LPG, Acetylene, helium, argon krypton, xenon,
CO2, Anhydrous ammonia, phosgene corrosive gas and
poisonous gas.
3. Flammable Liquids (Class III) – Substance having a
flash point below 37.8 C and ignition or boiling point above
37.8 C that when contact with heat will cause accelerate
combustion/or burn across the surface.
- Includes paint, thinner, varnish, acetone, alcohol,
gasoline, oil & solvent 
- Combustible Liquid – Substance having a plus point
above 37 C.
4. Flammable Solid (Class IV) – Substances are self-active,
wetted explosive and readily combustible. Even small quantities
and without an external ignition source can ignite within 5 min.
self heating reaction or contact with water become flammable or
toxic gas.
- Such as magnesium, red phosphorous and calcium
carbide.
 
5. Oxidizing Agents and Organic Peroxide (Class V) – This
material generates by yielding oxygen to sustain combustion,
Bivalent-O-O-structure. Organic peroxide is high sensitive
decompose self-accelerating combustion.
 
- Such as ammonium nitrate, ethyl ketone peroxide
6. Poisonous and Infectious (Class VI) – Materials have toxic to
human and have iable micro-organism may cause disease in
human and animal infectious substance which also called
ETIOLOGICAL AGENTS.
 
-Such as arsenic, pesticide, rabies, HIV and Hepa-B (BIO
MEDICAL HAZARDS).
 
7. Radioactive (Clas VII) – materials are spontaneously emit
ionizing radiation that penetrating to external and internal body
organ to-cause injury.
 
-Such as uranium, plutonium, cobalt, alpha, beta & gamma
particles, X-ray radiation
8. Corrosive (Class VIII) – Substance that causes visible
destruction to human skin tissue also has severe corrosion rate
on steel and aluminum. Corrosive are acid or base. The term a
caustic or alkaline are use to refer the materials (PH)
- Such as sulfuric acid, sodium hydroxide
 
9. Miscellaneous (Class IX)- This materials that create fire
supporting, conductive, smoke generating or toxic gas such as
plastic based, rubber, lumber or fibers, insulating and
cushioning materials, boxes, wall refrigerants and also include
materials that are environmental hazards and dangerous
waste.
 How to identify the hazards using placards and labels
 
 By its color
- Orange placards for explosives
- Red placards for flammable or combustible
- White placards for poisonous and toxic
- Yellow placards for promoters of fire
- Black placards for miscellaneous
- Green placards usually mean safe but projection hazard
- Blue placard for dangerous when wet.
 By the number or Hazardous class
- Hazard Class 1. Explosives
- Hazard Class 2. Gases
- Hazard Class 3. Flammable/Combustible Liquids
- Hazard Class 4. Flammable solids, spontaneously
combustible materials; and materials that are dangerous
when wet
- Hazard Class 5. Oxidizer and Organic Peroxides
- Hazard Class 6. Poisonous and Infectious Substances
- Hazard Class 7. Radioactive Materials
- Hazard Class 8. Corrosive
- Hazard Class 9. Miscellaneous Hazardous Materials

Methods of Identification
Recognize and identify
If you cannot identify, try to classify the material into a
hazard class
Site Control
 Isolation. The best way to protect people and property from the
potential harm of a hazardous material release is to separate them
from the released materials. Isolation allows response personnel
to plan and conduct their activities without having to perform
unnecessary rescue operations.
 
 Access Control. The first responder’s initial actions should be to
control access to the hazard area and to establish an isolation
perimeter. Cordon the area.
 
 Evacuation and Protection in Place. For spills or releases of
solids or liquids with low evaporations rates, outlining and
controlling the area of hazard may be a relatively simple process.
However, for releases of gases or highly volatile liquids, the
contaminant may travel in gas or vapor.
 Zoning. Once an isolation perimeter has been established, the
area within it can be subdivided into control zones with distinct
lines of demarcation.
 
 Hot Zone. The hot zone contains the actual hazard area. It is
the area where primary response operations are carried out in
order to mitigate the incident.
 
 Warm Zone. The warm zone or contamination reduction zone
(CRZ), is located behind the hot line and serves as s buffer
zone between the hot zone and cold zone or uncontaminated
area of the site.
 
 Cold Zone. The area of the incident scene located beyond the
contamination control line is the cold zone or support zone.
First Responder’s Responsibilities – R.I.P. NOT!
 
R-ecognition and Identification
I-solation
P-rotection
NOT-ification

Six (6) Basic Clues to Recognition

 
1. Human Senses
2. Occupancy and/or location
3. Container/Vehicle Shape
4. Markings and colors
5. Placards and labels
6. Papers (shipping papers, MSDS)
 Six Basic Clues to Recognition

1 - Occupancy and location

2 - Container shape and size
3 - Placards and labels
4 - Shipping papers/facility
documents
5 - Markings and colors
6 - Human senses
Clue # 1 - Occupancy and Location

• Specific occupancy or general

area
• Fixed facilities
• Five modes of hazardous
materials transportation
– Rail, air, marine, highway and
pipeline
Clue # 2 - Container Shape and Size

• Classifications
– Portable, fixed or transportation
• Pressure
– Non-pressurized, low or high pressure
• Vapor Pressure and Storage
– The higher the pressure, the greater the
potential for catastrophic failure
Clue # 3 - Placards and Labels

Placards and labels used for

transport are based upon DOT
Hazard Class
• Nine Hazard Classes
– Subdivided into divisions
– Refer to the DOT - ERG
 Clue # 4 - Shipping Papers and Facility
Documents
• Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)
• CAS numbers
• STCC numbers
• Emergency Response Plans (ERP)
• Emergency Action Plans (EAP)
 Clue # 5 - Markings and Colors

• UN/NA Identification Number

1090
Clue # 6 - Human Senses

High
TASTE
RISK
TOUCH
LEVEL SMELL
SIGHT
Low SOUND
 Methods of Identification

• Once you recognize, try to

identify
• Location of material name
• If you cannot safely identify,
try to classify the material into
a hazard class
Hazard Class 1 - Explosives

• Subdivided into 6 divisions

1.1 - Mass explosion hazard
1.2 - Projectile hazard
1.3 - Fire, minor blast or projectile
1.4 - Minor explosion
1.5 - Very insensitive explosives
1.6 - Extremely insensitive
Hazard Class 2 - Gases

• Pressurized or liquefied
– Compressed nitrogen and liquefied petroleum
gases (LPG) are examples
• Product and container present hazards
• Three Subdivisions
– 2.1 - Flammable gases
– 2.2 - Non-Flammable, Non-Poisonous
– 2.3 - Poisonous Gases
Hazard Class 3 -
Flammable/Combustible Liquids

• Flammable Liquids can be

ignited at room temperature
• Combustible Liquids require
some degree of pre-heating to
ignite
• Number 1 rule - eliminate
ignition sources
Hazard Class 4 - Flammable Solids

• Three subdivisions
4.1 - Flammable Solids
4.2 - Spontaneously Combustible
4.3 - Dangerous when wet
Hazard Class 5 - Oxidizers and
Organic Peroxides

• Oxidizers release oxygen to

enhance or intensify burn
• With strong fuels, oxidizers can
create conditions which which
can lead to violent combustion
• Many Organic Peroxides are
very unstable
Hazard Class 6 - Poisonous and
Infectious Substances

• Poisonous to human
– Can include severely irritating
substances
– “Tear Gas”, Hydrocyanic acid,
Carbon Tetrachloride
• Infectious Substances
– Potential to cause diseases in
humans
– Anthrax, human blood and many
body fluids
Hazard Class 7 - Radioactive
Materials

• Ionizing radiation hazard

• Exposure does not always
result in contamination
• Safety Rules:
– Time, Distance and Shielding
• Shipped in specialized
containers
 Hazard Class 8 – Corrosive Substances
• Major Hazard: Burns/–
emulsification skin damage

• Definition: A liquid or solid

that causes visible or
irreversible alterations in
human skin tissue at the site of
contact, or a liquid that has a
severe corrosion rate on steel
or aluminum.
Hazard Class 9 - Miscellaneous
Hazardous Materials

• ORM A - Dry Ice

• ORM B - Metallic mercury
• ORM C - Battery parts
• ORM D - Consumer commodities
• ORM E - Hazardous substances and
hazardous wastes
 Quotes and Sayings

If the PLAN doesn’t work, You can change the

plan. But never the GOAL.
 CHEMICAL AGENTS

METHOD OF ENTRY – to be effective, an

agent must enter the body by one of three
methods :
1. Inhalation is when the agent is breathed in, also
referred to as the respiratory route.
2. Absorption is the penetration of the skin or eyes,
also referred to as the percutaneous route.
3. Ingestion is when the agent is swallowed,
normally with food or water.
CONTAMINATION is any form of hazardous
material that physically remains on people,
animals, or objects.
EXPOSURE means that person has been subjected
to a toxic or harmful physical agent through any
route of entry to the body.
Entry in to the body
- Skin absorption
- Ingestion / inhalation
- Injection / Open wound
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE
EQUIPMENT (PPE)

121-OH 40
Personal Protective Equipment
• Principles of protection

• Respiratory protection

• Body protection

41
Principles of Protection
• Time

• Distance

• Shielding

42
Time
• Critical aspect of an emergency:

– Time of day

– Time of incident

– Time of exposure

– Time of rescue
43
Distance
• Recommended distances
• Separating yourself from hazard
(maximize distance, minimize time)
• Debris field
• Victim location

44
Shielding
• Barrier between liquid/solid
contamination and yourself
• Protection against airborne
contaminants, gases, and oxygen
deficient atmospheres

45
Respiratory Protection
• Air-Purifying Respirators (APR)

46
Respiratory Protection
• Power Air-Purifying
Respirators (PAPR)

• Self-Contained Breathing
Apparatus (SCBA)

47
 Air Purifying Respirator
• Conditions of use:
– Oxygen deficient (>19.5%)
– Not suitable for atmospheres that are
Immediately Dangerous to Life and
Health
– Not for fire fighting
– Proper cartridge

Advance APR

48 Ordinary APR
Self-Contained Breathing
Apparatus
• Components
– Air cylinder and valve
– Air supply tube
– Regulator
– Breathing tube
– Face piece
– Exhalation valve

49
Respirator Summary: SCBA
• Used when chemical is unknown,
high concentration and in an oxygen
deficient atmosphere
– Provides source of breathable air
– Used for hazardous materials and for
fire fighting
(30-, 45-, or 60-minute bottles)
– Greater mobility, but less duration
– Must be clean-shaven

50
Chemical and Biological PPE
• Chemical protective clothing:
– Level A
– Level B
– Level C
– Level D
• Structural fire-fighting clothing

51
Level A

• Maximum body and respiratory

protection
• Vapor tight

52
Level B

• Maximum respiratory protection

• Moderate to low body protection
• Not vapor tight

53
Level C
• Low level respiratory
protection
• Low level body
protection

54
Level D
• Low level to no body and respiratory
protection

55
 Other PPE Protection
• Hands • Foot

HazMat Boots
Chemical Resistant Gloves

• Ears Hard Hat

• Head
Safety Ear Muffs
56
Other PPE Protection
Other PPE Protection
Other PPE Protection
Other PPE Protection
 Quotes and Sayings

“Our Success is not measured

by the size of our resources…
but measured by the size of
our dreams.”
 DECONTAMINATION
• The process of removing hazardous materials to
prevent the spread of contaminants beyond a
specific area and reduce the level of
contamination to levels that are no longer
harmful.
• Is performed when a victim, responders, or
equipment leaves the hot zone.
RESPONSE
CONTAINTMENT
SAMPLING
HAZMAT AND CBRN RESPONSE

Without detection equipment, the responders are

just as equal as a blind and deaf person
Trying to cross the highway, he cannot see nor hear
the approaching vehicles
HE CAN ONLY SMELL DEATH!!!
Thank you...