BASIC OF

SEMICONDUCTOR

Presented By:
Prof. Poonam R. Chaudhari
When we look
towards Universe
+ ve Because of Prton

- ve Because of electron
The sign depend upon any one
which are greater in no as in in
mathematics
ATOMS ARE
NEUTRL
IN
NATURE
=
 SEMI NON
METALS CONDUCTOR METALS
No of e-=2*n^2
Sodium: Na
No of proton=No of e-=11
Stability
 e- e- e- Donating 1 electron
e- Donate is easy
e- e- Or
A Accepting 7
C electron is easy
C e-
E
P
T
Donate
Directional flow of electron constitute
the current
Donate

GOOD
CONDUCTOR
OF
ELCTRICITY
AND IS
TERMED AS
CONDUCTOR
Magnisium: Mg
No of proton=No of e-=12
Stability
 Donating 2 electron
e- e-
is easy
A e- e- Donate Or
e- C Accepting 6
C e- electron is easy
E
P
T
Donate
Donate
Donate
Directional flow of electron constitute
the current
Donate

Donate

GOOD
CONDUCTOR
OF
ELCTRICITY
AND IS
TERMED AS
CONDUCTOR
Aluminum Al
No of proton=No of e-=13
Stability
 Donating 3 electron
e- e-
is easy
Donate
A e- Or
e- C Accepting 5
C e- electron is easy
E
P
T
Donate
Directional flow of electron constitute
the current
Donate

GOOD
CONDUCTOR
OF
ELCTRICITY
AND IS
TERMED AS
CONDUCTOR
Phosphorus P
No of proton=No of e-=15
Stability
 Donating 5 electron
e- e-
is easy
Donate
A Or
e- C Accepting 3
C electron is easy
E
P
T
 e- e-

e-
A
C
ACCEPT THE
C
E
ELCTRON
P
T
TO BECOME
BAD
CONDUCTOR
OF
ELCTRICITY
AND
TERMED AS
INSULATOR
Sodium S
No of proton=no of e-=16
Stability
 A e- Donating 6 electron
e- C is easy
Donate
C Or
Accepting 2
E electron is easy
P
T
 A e-
e- C
C ACCEPT THE
E
P ELCTRON
T
TO BECOME
BAD
CONDUCTOR
OF
ELCTRICITY
AND
TERMED AS
INSULATOR
Clorine Cl
No of proton=no of e-=17
Stability
 Donating 7 electron
e-e- e-A
C is easy
Donate
A C e- Donate Or
e- C E Accepting 1
C e-
P electron is easy
E T
P
T
e- A
C
C Donate
Donate ACCEPT THE
E
P
T
ELCTRON
TO BECOME
BAD
CONDUCTOR
OF
ELCTRICITY
AND
TERMED AS
INSULATOR
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
 1
Donate e-
and
2
become 3
conductor
4
5
6
7
 1
Donate e-
and
2
become 3
conductor
Accept e-
and
4
become
Insulator
5
6
7
 1
2
3
Accept e- Donate e-
and 4 and
become become
Insulator conductor
5
6
7
 SEMICONDUCTOR
Silicon Si
No of e- in outer orbit=4
 At Room Temperature Si pair with
themselves to form Intrensic Semiconductor
INSULATOR
 AT ROOM TEMPERATURE
FEW FREE ELECTRON AND HOLES
AS TEMPERATURE
INCREASE
NEGATIVE TEMPERATURE
COEFFICIENT
 With Increase in Temperature

Intrinsic Donate e-
Semiconductor and
Acting As 4 become
Insulator conductor
 DOPPING
ADDING THE IMPURITY
1 Atom for 108 Atom
Intrinsic Donate e-
Semiconductor and
Acting As 4 become
Insulator conductor
 DOPPING
ADDING THE IMPURITY
Pentavalent Trivalent
Impurity Impurity
5 e- 3e-
Donor 4 Acceptor
Impurity Impurity
P-type Semiconductor
N-type Semiconductor
Energy Band Diagram
e- from N region and hole from P region began to move in
opposite direction and gather towards centre.
Depletion Region Acting as a Resistance
Forward Bias
VI char of Forward Bias
Reverse Bias
VI char of Reverse Bias
Thank
You