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YT +Sets,+Relations+and+Functions+L1 +11th+elite+
YT +Sets,+Relations+and+Functions+L1 +11th+elite+
100 %ilers : 17
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Jee 2021 307+
JEE Adv.
2020 548
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Sets, Relations and Functions
Sets
Definition and Description of Sets
Definition
A set is a collection of well defined objects.
Definition
A set is a collection of well defined objects.
Note
A ➝ II; B ➝ I; C ➝ III
Question!
Ex
Solution :
A set which does not contain any element is called Empty set or
Null set or Void set. It’s denoted by 𝜙 or { }.
Eg. (i)
(ii)
Question!
B {14, 3, 4}
C {3}
D {4}
Question!
B {14, 3, 4}
C {3}
D {4}
Solution :
Singleton Set
B 3
C 4
D None of these
Recall
Eg. {z} , {0} , {𝜙} , { {1,2,3,4,5} } are singleton sets.
Question!
B 3
C 4
D None of these
Solution :
Equivalent Sets
Two finite sets are said to be equivalent if their cardinalities are
equal.
Eg. {1, 2, 3} is equivalent to {dog, cat, parrot}.
Subsets
Subsets
Definition
Let A = {1, 2}
The subsets of A are: 𝜙 , {1}, {2}, {1,2}
Power set
Power set
Definition
The collection of all the subsets of a set A is called the power set
of A, denoted by P(A).
Question!
Ex. A = {1, 2, 3}
B = {3, 4, 5}
U = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
Operations on Sets
Following are the operations on sets that we are now going to
learn.
(a) Union of two Sets
(b) Intersection of two Sets
(c) Difference of two Sets
(d) Symmetric Difference of two Sets
(e) Complement of a Set
Operations on Sets
A ∩ B = {x : x ∈ A and x ∈ B
simultaneously}
Ex
Note
(a) If C ⊂ B, then
(i) C ∪ B = B
(ii) C ∩ B = C
Note
(b) C ∩ (B ∪ A) = (C ∩ B) ∪ (C ∩ A); C ∪ (B ∩ A) = (C ∪ B) ∩ (C
∪ A)
Note
(a) If C ⊂ B, then
(i) C ∪ B = B
(ii) C ∩ B = C
(b) C ∩ (B ∪ A) = (C ∩ B) ∪ (C ∩ A); C ∪ (B ∩ A) = (C ∪ B) ∩ (C
∪ A)
(c) If C ∩ B = ɸ, then C and B are called disjoint sets.
Operations on Sets
Complement of a Set Ac
Ac or A’ = {x : x ∉ A and x ∈ U} A
(a) (Ac)c = A
Note
(a) (Ac)c = A
(b) A ∪ Ac = U
Note
(a) (Ac)c = A
(b) A ∪ Ac = U
(c) A ∩ B = 𝜙 ⇒ A ⊂ Bc
De-Morgan’s Laws
(i) (A ∪ B)c = Ac ∩ Bc
(ii) (A ∩ B)c = Ac ∪ Bc
Operations on Sets
A\B = A ∩ Bc
Operations on Sets
A B
Cardinality based Problems
Cardinality based Problems
Result
Result
(a) n(A) = x1 + x2
x4
(b) n(only A) = x1
x2
(c) n(B) = x2 + x3 x1 x3
(d) n(only B) = x3 A B
(e) n(none of A or B) = x4
Question!
Solving, we get x1 = 24 - 6 = 18
Question!
A 18%
B 17%
C 16%
D 2%
Question!
A 18%
B 17%
C 16%
D 2%
Solution :
n(P) = 60,
n(M) = 58,
n(P ∪ M) = 100,
n(P ∩ M) = n(P) + n(M) - n(P ∪ M)
= 60 + 58 - 100
= 18
Question!
D
Question!
D
Solution :
Q Suppose A1, A2, ….., A30 are 30 sets, each with 5 elements and B1,
Remarks
(a) n(A) = x1 + x4 + x6 + x7 C
(b) n(only A) = x1 x3
x6 x5
(c) n(only A and B) = x1 + x4 + x2 x7
x4
(d) n(only one of A, B or C) = x1 + x2 + x3 x1 x2
A B
(e) n(exactly two of A, B and C) = x4 + x5 + x6
(f) n(A, B or C) = x1 + x2 + x3 + x4 + x5 + x6 +
Question!
Of the number of three athletic teams in a school, 21 are in the
Q basketball team, 26 in hockey team and 29 in the football team, 14
play hockey and basketball, 15 play hockey and football, 12 play
football and basketball and 8 play all the games. The total number
of members is
A 42 B 43 C 45 D None of these
Recall:
n(A ∪ B ∪ C) = n(A) + n(B) + n(C) - n(A ∩ B) - n(A ∩ C) - n(B ∩ C)
+ n(A ∩ B ∩ C)
Question!
Of the number of three athletic teams in a school, 21 are in the
Q basketball team, 26 in hockey team and 29 in the football team, 14
play hockey and basketball, 15 play hockey and football, 12 play
football and basketball and 8 play all the games. The total number
of members is
A 42 B 43 C 45 D None of these
Solution :
n(H ∩ B) = 2 = x5 + x7
∴ x4 = 3 ; x5 = 0 ; x6 = 3
n(B ∩ C) = 5 = x6 + x7
x1 = 2 ; x2 = 10 ; x3 = 15
n(C ∩ H ∩ B) = 2 = x7
Solution :
B
x3
Number of students playing x6 x5
x7
exactly one game x4
x1 x2
= x1 + x2 + x3 = 27
C H
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