LITERATURE

FILM AND
BROADCAST
ARTS
LITERATURE
Poetry, fiction, essay, and literary/art criticism
are the focal arts of literature under the non-
traditional arts, which are usually based on or
influenced by the traditional art of folk (oral)
literature of the natives, which focuses greatly
on works of art from epics, ethnic mythologies,
and related stories and traditions.
LITERATURE
 Literature under the colonial regime focused
greatly on Spanish-language works under Spanish
occupation, then adjusting to the English-language
under American occupation.
 From 1593 to 1800, majority of literary arts made
in the Philippines were Spanish-language religious
works, with a noble book being Doctrina
Christiana (1593) and a Tagalog rendition of the
Pasyon (1704).
LITERATURE
 certain folk (oral) literature were inputted into
manuscripts by Filipino writers such as the 17th century
manuscript of the ancient Ilocano epic Biag ni Lam-ang
 In 1869, the epic Florante at Laura was published,
inputting fiction writing with Asian and European
themes.
 In 1878 or 1894, the first modern play in any Philippine
language, Ang Babai nga Huaran, was written in
Hiligaynon.
LITERATURE
 By the 19th century, the formative years of Spanish
literature in the country moved forward into what
became the nationalist stage of 1883–1903.
 During this era, the first novel written by a Filipino,
Nínay, was published.
 Works of literary art critical of colonial rulers became
known as well, such as the 1887 Noli Me Tángere and
the 1891 El filibusterismo
 The first novel in Cebuano, Maming, was published in
1900
LITERATURE
 The so-called golden age of Spanish-language literature
in the Philippines began in 1903 to 1966, despite
American occupation.
 During this era, works in native languages and in
English started to boom as well.
 The go-to book of the working class, Banaag at Sikat,
was published in 1906, where the literary work dives
into the concepts of socialism, capitalism, and the united
laborers
LITERATURE
 The first Filipino book written in English, The Child of
Sorrow, was published in 1921
 From 1966 to 1967, fragments of Sa mga Kuko ng
Liwanag were published, and later in 1986, the
fragments were inputted into a novel.
 During the martial law era, prominent literary works
tackling the evident human rights violations of those in
power were published, such as Dekada '70 (1983) and
Luha ng Buwaya (1983)
LITERATURE

 Filipino literature in the 21st century dives into

historical narratives in modernity, global outlooks,
and concepts of equality and nationalism.
 Major works include Smaller and Smaller Circles
(2002), Ladlad (2007), Ilustrado (2008), and
Insurrecto (2018)
 FILM AND
BROADCAST
ARTS
FILM AND BROADCAST ARTS
 Film and broadcast arts focuses on the arts of direction,
writing, production design, cinematography, editing,
animation, performance, and new media.
 The origin of the cinematic arts in the Philippines
officially began in 1897, upon the introduction of
moving pictures into Manila
 Filipinos aided foreign filmmakers in the Philippines for
a time, until in 1919, when filmmaker José Nepomuceno
made the first Filipino film, Dalagang Bukid (Country
Maiden)
FILM AND BROADCAST ARTS
 By the 1930s, the formative years of Filipino cinema
began as interest in film genre as art began among the
common folk
 Theatre became an important influence to the boom of
cinema in the Philippines
 The 1940s created films that would point towards the
reality of the people, due to the occupation years during
World War II
FILM AND BROADCAST ARTS
 The 1960s showed an era of commercialism, fan
movies, soft porn films, action flicks, and western spin-
offs, until the golden age of cinema met the turbulent
years from the 1970s to 1980s due to the dictatorship
 A notable film made during the period is Himala, which
tackles the concept of religious fanaticism
 The period after martial rule dealt with more serious
topics, with independent films being made by many
filmmakers
FILM AND BROADCAST ARTS

 The 1990s saw the emergence of films related to

Western films, along with the continued popularity of
films focusing on the realities of poverty
 Among the direst films at the time include Manila in the
Claws of Light, The Flor Contemplacion Story, Oro,
Plata, Mata, and Sa Pusod ng Dagat.
FILM AND BROADCAST ARTS
 Cinema in 21st century Philippines has met a revival of
popular watchings, with films being produced by
various fronts
 Films regarding human equality, concepts of poverty,
self-love, and historical narratives have met popular
success
 Key films during the era include The Blossoming of
Maximo Oliveros, Caregiver, Kinatay, Thy Womb, That
Thing Called Tadhana, The Woman Who Left, and the
film version of the book Smaller and Smaller Circles.