Teacher: Ziya Samadli Group: E1111

Student: Amir Amirov Topic: Turkic world and Azerbaijan

Azerbaijanis (Azerbaijani Turks) are a people speaking a language belonging to the Oguz branch of the
Turkic group of the Altai family of peoples. Most of the Turks of Azerbaijan belong to the Caspian type
of the southern branch of the Caucasoid race. The Caspian race is a subspecies of the Caucasoid race,
whose carriers are distinguished by short stature, swarthy and swarthy skin color, narrow face, almond-
shaped dark eyes, slightly bulging nose and dark hair pigmentation. The Caspian race also includes some
groups of other Turkic peoples, especially the Oguz, i.e. Turks, part of the Turkmens and Khorezm
Uzbeks.
Turkic languages, which include the Turkic language of Azerbaijan (Azerbaijani language), are an
extensive group of related languages ​widely spoken in Asia and Eastern Europe. The area of ​
distribution of the Turkic languages ​extends from the Lena River basin in Siberia southwest to the
eastern coast of the Mediterranean Sea and from the Arctic Ocean to the Persian Gulf.

All the peoples of the planet (Persians, Russians, British, etc.) are mixed, and Azerbaijanis are no
exception in this respect. In the ethnogenesis of Azerbaijanis, along with the Turks (Oguz, Kipchaks
and Hunno-Bulgars), the ancient Iranian, Semitic, Altai and Caucasian tribes of the region - the Medes,
Scythians, Caspians, Caucasian Albans, Arabs, Mongols, etc. took part.
Azerbaijan is part of the vast Turkic world, which occupies about a third of the
Eurasian continent and is inhabited by Turkic peoples. The total number of
speakers of Turkic languages ​is estimated at about 200 million people, of
which, perhaps, up to 65 million are Azerbaijani Turks and their sub-ethnic
groups

• Qashqai
• Khorasans
• Avshars
• Qizilbash
• Baharlu
• Iraqi Turkmen

scattered over the vast expanses of the Middle and Front East - Turkey, Iraq,
Jordan, Iran, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Afghanistan, etc.
 TERRITORIES POPULATED BY AZERBAIJANIAN TURKS.
• in Georgia - the historical region of Borchali, which includes the regions of Marneuli, Gardabani,
Dmanisi, Bolnisi.
• in Dagestan - Southern Dagestan (Derbent and adjacent regions);

Maeneuli Derbent
 Igdir

Erzurum

İn Turkey - in Eastern Anatolia (Igdir, part of the provinces of Kars, Surmeli, etc.). In the west, Azerbaijani
Turks are densely settled mixed with Turks in many regions of Eastern Anatolia (Turkey). As for the
Anatolian and Azerbaijani Turks, here we have a smooth change in the dialects of the Turkish language
from the east of Turkey to the west. Many Turks in Eastern Anatolia speak a dialect close to Azerbaijani.
However, even in Kars, the local population sees a difference between the Anatolian and Azerbaijani Turks
living here. For example, the Turks themselves unambiguously attribute the inhabitants of Igdir to the
Azerbaijani Turks, and the inhabitants of Erzurum - only partially.
In Iran - outside of South Azerbaijan proper, Azerbaijani
Turks live compactly in Qazvin, Tehran, Hamadan, Shiraz,
Khorasan and many other regions of Iran. In total, up to 40
million people.

Shiraz. The centers of compact settlement of Azerbaijani

Turks, mixed with Persians and other peoples, reach the Shiraz
very south of Iran - the province of Shiraz, overlooking the
Persian Gulf.

Khorasan
Khorasan. Here, along with millions of Turks, immigrants
from Iranian Azerbaijan, live Turkmens and about 2 million
so-called. "Khorasan Turks", which can be considered an
ethnographic group of Azerbaijanis.
In Iraq. The Turkic language of Azerbaijan is represented here by the "Turkman dialect". The
Turkmans are an ethnographic group of Azerbaijani Turks living mainly in the regions of Kerkuk,
Sulaimaniya, and partly in Mosul in northern Iraq. Separate groups of Turkmen also live in Syria,
Jordan and other countries of the Middle East.

In Central Asia - Azerbaijani Turks live in compact groups in almost all the republics of Central Asia,
i.e. in Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Afghanistan.

Turkmenistan. Azerbaijan is separated from the Turkmens by the Caspian Sea, as well as minor
differences in the literary language, dialects and cultural features. Among the Turkmens there are
tribes and groups, for example, the Turkmens of the Tashauz region, whose language practically does
not differ from the Turkic language of Azerbaijan. Directly Azerbaijani Turks, immigrants from
Azerbaijan, most compactly live in the cities of Turkmenbashi (Krasnovodsk) and Ashgabat.
 20XX

Kerkuk

Образец текста нижнего колонтитула 9

The Oguzes or Oghuz Turks are Turkic-speaking tribes, originally united in a confederation headed by a
khagan, or khan. Starting from the 8th century The Oguzes, known in the Slavic chronicles as "torks",
"pechenegs" ("bajanags"), "berendeys" ("bayandurs") and "black hoods" occupied territories stretching
from the Aral Sea to the Black Sea. In the XI century. The Oguzes captured the entire Front and Near East,
first founding the Seljuk Empire, and then, in the XIV century. - The Ottoman Empire.
From the 14th to the 20th centuries The Oghuz Turks of Azerbaijan founded the empires of Kara-
Koyunlu, Ak-Koyunlu, Safavids, Avshars and Qajars. Turkic peoples and languages ​are divided into
several branches - Oguz, Kypchak, Karluk, etc. Azerbaijani Turks, as well as Turks, Turkmens, Iranian
Turks, Iraqi Turkmens, Gagauz, Khorezmians and part of the Crimean Tatars speak languages ​belonging
to the Oguz branch of the Turkic group of languages.
Why is it that the once united Oguz ethnos, which until recently spoke the dialects of one common
language "Turk Dili", "Turkman Dili", is now known under several names - Azerbaijanis, Turks,
Turkmens, Khorasan Turks, Khorezmians, Turkmans, Qashqais, Avshars?

Territorial demarcation took place many centuries ago, but national and state demarcation occurred with
the proclamation of nation-states at the beginning of the 20th century. First, about the territorial
demarcation - it began about 1000 years ago, when the Oguzes divided, settling in regions remote from
each other. Nevertheless, until the beginning of the 20th century, the Oghuz Turks retained a common
Turkic and common Muslim self-consciousness, which made it possible to consider them as a single
ethnic group.
With the formation of bourgeois and "socialist" nations, the Oghuz ethnic group "Turk", "Turkman"
split into separate nations along the territorial and state lines. This was facilitated by the policy of the
Soviet government, which eliminated the historical region of Turkestan in Central Asia and divided
the region into separate Turkic republics - Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan.

Some of our ancestors, the Oghuz Turks, historically living in Azerbaijan, received the name
"Azerbaijanis", the other part of the same Oguzes who settled in Khorezm, was conventionally called
"Khorezm Turks". The Turkmens of Iraq, the Turks of Turkey and the Turkmens retained their ethnic
names - "Turk", "Turkmen". In contrast to them, the Qashqais, part of the Avshars and others act not
under geographical or national, but under the former tribal names - "Avshar", "Gashgay", etc.

Thus, a phenomenon arose when, until recently, a single Oguz ethnic group "Turk", inhabiting the
vast territories of the Near and Middle East and being almost uniform in linguistic terms, gradually
fell apart and is now known to the world under different names, forming various nations and states.t
 REFERENCE

Source: Farid Alekberli. Azerbaijan and the Turkic world. https://www.aamh.az/alakbarli/index.files/185.htm©

Elm. History & Heritage Website. 06/25/2017. When quoting the text, reference to the source is required.
THANKS FOR
ATTENTION