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m4b Fire Dynamics
m4b Fire Dynamics
Fire Behavior
• Introduction
• Physical Science
– Definition
– Basic Components
– Fire Tetrahedron
– Fire Extinguishment Theory
– Classification of Fires
• Other References
Introduction
• Fire has been both a help and hindrance to
mankind
– heated homes, cooked our food, helped us to
become technologically advanced
• Firefighters should have a basic
understanding of the science of fire and the
factors that affect its ignition, growth, and
spread to perform safely and effectively in
any firefighting function
Physical Science
• Definition
– Fire is a rapid oxidation of combustible materials
accompanied by the released of heat and light at
various intensities.
– Pyrolysis is the chemical change brought about by heat.
• Basic Components:
– Oxidizing Agent (Oxygen)
• those materials that yield oxygen or other oxidizing gases
during the course of a chemical reaction
• bromates, bromine, chlorates, chlorine, fluorine, iodine, nitrates,
nitric acid, nitrites, perchlorates, permanganates, peroxides
Physical Science (Cont…)
– Heat
• a form of energy; energy in transit
• sources
– chemical – chemical reactions generate heat
– electrical – current flow generates heat; ex. overloading, static,
lightning
– mechanical – friction and compression
– nuclear – fission or fusion of atoms
• ways on how heat supports the combustion reaction
– causes the pyrolysis or vaporization of solid and liquid fuels and
the production of ignitable vapors or gases
– provides the energy necessary for ignition
– causes the continuous production and ignition of fuel vapors or
gases so that the combustion reaction can continue
Physical Science (Cont…)
– Fuel
• the material or substance being oxidized or burned in the
combustion process
• also known as the reducing agent
• forms
– Solid – coal, wood, plastic, paper, cloth, wax, grease, leather, cork,
etc
– Liquid – gasoline, kerosene, turpentine, alcohol, paint, varnish, oil,
etc
– Gas – natural gas, propane, butane, hydrogen, acetylene, carbon
monoxide, etc
– Chemical Chain Reaction
• a series of reactions that occur in sequence with the results of
each individual reaction being added to the rest
Physical Science (Cont…)