Magnetic Circuits

(AC Machines and Motors)

Lecture 27
Engr. Ahmed Raheeq
Dept of EE, IST
SYNCHRONOUS MACHINE 

• A synchronous machine is an
electrical machine whose rotating speed is
proportional to the frequency of the alternating
current supply and independent of the load.
N
ARMATURE (WINDINGS) REACTION

• When the generator is loaded, the armature carries the current. The
armature current sets up its own magnetic field.
• The effect of this armature flux on the distribution of main field flux
is called Armature Reaction.
• It reduces the generated voltage by distorting the main flux and it
causes sparking at the brushes.
ARMATURE REACTION
NEUTRALIZATION
Compensating winding.
• It is always placed in series with armature winding.
• The armature ampere conductors under pole shoe must be equal to
compensating winding ampere conductors which will compensate
armature m.m.f. perfectly. This method is very popularly used in
actual practice for d.c. machines.
ARMATURE REACTION
NEUTRALIZATION
• If reluctance at pole tips is increased it will reduce distorting effect of
armature reaction.
• By using special construction in which leading and trialing pole tip
portions of laminations are alternately eliminated.
ARMATURE REACTION
NEUTRALIZATION
• The armature reaction causes the distortion in main field flux. This
can be reduced if the reluctance of the path of the cross-magnetizing
field is increased.

• The armature teeth and air gap at pole tips offer reluctance to
armature flux. Thus by increasing length of air gap, the armature
reaction effect is reduced.
?