Business Law 1

Law on Obligations
Law on Contracts
Law on Natural Obligations
Law on Estoppel
Law on Trust
 Preface

Introduction to Law
 General Nature of Law
• * Meaning of Law
* General Divisions of Law
* Subjects of Law
* Characteristics of Law
* Necessity and Functions of Law
* Sources of Law
* Rule in case of doubt in interpretation or application of laws
* Organs of social control
* Organization of courts
* Classifications of law
* Definition of Law on obligations and contracts
* Civil Code of the Philippines
* Civil Code provisions on obligations and contracts
* Conclusive presumption of knowledge of law
Preface: Introduction to Law

Constitutional & Political Law

Civil Law
Criminal Law
Labor Law & Social Legislation
Legal & Judicial Ethics
Mercantile / Commercial Law
Remedial Law
Taxation Law
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Constitutional Law
 A-1. Constitutional Law
• Article III - Bill of Rights
– due process of law
– right to life
– right to property
– right to liberty
– right against unreasonable searches and seizures
– right to privacy of communication and correspondence
– right to speech, of expressions, of the press, right to assembly
– freedom of religion
 A-1. Constitutional Law
• Article III - Bill of Rights
– right to travel and liberty or abode
– right to information
– right to form unions, associations or societies
– power of eminent domain
– non-impairment clause
– free access to courts
– rights of the person under custodial investigation
 A-1. Constitutional Law
• Article III - Bill of Rights
– right to bail
– rights of the accused
– privilege of the writ of habeas corpus
– right to speedy disposition of case / speedy trial
– right against self-incrimination
– religious & political ideology / involuntary servitude
– excessive punishments
– non-imprisonment due to poll tax
– right against double jeopardy
– expost facto law or bill of attainder
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Political Law
 A-2. Political Law

• Article I - National Territory

• Article II - Declaration of Principles and State Policies
• Article IV - Citizenship
• Articvle V - Suffrage
• Article VI - Legislative Department
• Article VII - Executive Department
• Article VIII - Judicial Department
 A-2. Political Law
• Article IX - Constitutional Commissions
– Common Provisions
– Civil Service Commission (CSC)
– Commission on Elections (COMELEC)
– Commission on Audit (COA)

• Article X - Local Government

• Article XI - Accountability of Public Officers
• Article XII - National Economy and Patrimony
• Article XIII - Social Justice and Human Rights
 A-2. Political Law
• Article XIV - Education, Science and Technology, Arts, Culture
and Sports
• Article XV - The Family
• Article XVI - General Provisions
• Article XVII - Amendments or Revisions
• Article XVIII - Transitory Provisions
 Civil &
Business Laws
 B. Civil & Business Law

Book I. Persons
• Title 1 - Civil Personality
• Title 2 - Citizenship and Domicile
• Title 3-9, 11 & 15. Repealed by E.O No. 209 (Family Code of the
Philippines)
• Title 10. Funerals
• Title 12. Care and Education of Children
• Title 13. Use of Surnames
• Title 14. Absence
• Title 16. Civil Registry
 B. Civil & Business Law

Book II. Property, Ownership, and its Modifications

• Title 1 - Claessification of Property
• Title 2 - Ownership
• Title 3 - Co-ownership
• Title 4 - Some Special Properties
• Title 5 - Possession
• Title 6 - Usufruct
• Title 7 - Easements or Servitude
• Title 8 - Nuisance
• Title 9 - Registry of Property
 B. Civil & Business Law

Book III. Different Modes of Acquiring Ownership

• Title 1 - Occupation
• Title 2 - Intellectual Creation
• Title 3 - Donation
• Title 4 - Succession
• Title 5 - Prescription
 B. Civil & Business Law

Book IV. Obligations and Contracts

• Title 1 - Obligations
• Title 2 - Contracts
• Title 3 - Natural Obligations
• Title 4 - Estoppel
• Title 5 - Trusts
• Title 6 - Sales
• Title 7 - Barter or Exchange
• Title 8 - Lease
• Title 9 - Partnership
 B. Civil & Business Law
Book IV. Obligations and Contracts

• Title 10 - Agency
• Title 11 - Loan
• Title 12 - Deposit
• Title 13 - Aleatory Contracts
• Title 14 - Compromises and Arbitrations
• Title 15 - Guaranty
• Title 16 - Pledge, Mortgage & Antichresis
• Title 17 - Extra-Contractual Obligations
• Title 18 - Damages
• Title 19 - Concurrence and Preference of Credits
 B.1. Civil & Business Law
Family Code of the Philippines - E.O. No. 209 as amended
• Title 1 - Marriage
• Title 2 - Legal Separation
• Title 3 - Rights and Obligations Between Husband and Wife
• Title 4 - Property Relations Between Husband and Wife
• Title 5 - The Family
• Title 6 - Paternity and Filiation
• Title 7 - Adoption
• Title 8 - Support
• Title 9 - Parental Authority
• Title 10 - Emancipation and Age of Majority
• Title 11 - Summary Judicial Proceedings in the Family Law
• Title 12 - Final Provisions
• R.A. No. 9255 - Administrative Order No. 1 series of 2004
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Criminal Law
 C.1. Criminal Law
Book I. General Provisions regarding the Date of
Enforcement and Application of the Provisions of this
Code, and regarding the Offenses, the Persons Liable
and the Penalties

• Title 1 - Felonies and Circumstances which Affect Criminal Liabilities

• Title 2 - Persons Criminally Liable for Felonies
• Title3 - Penalties
• Title 4 - Extinction of Criminal Liability
• Title 5 - Civil Laibility
 C.2. Criminal Law
Book II. Crimes and Penalties

• Title 1 - Crimes against National Security and the Law on nations

• Title 2 - Crimes against the Fundamental Law of the State
• Title 3 - Crimes against Public Order
• Title 4 - Crimes against Public Interest
• Title 5 - Crimes relative to Opium and other Prohibited Drugs
• Title 6 - Crimes against Public Morals
• Title 7 - Crimes committed by Public Officers
• Title 8 - Crimes against Persons
 C.2. Criminal Law
Book II. Crimes and Penalties

• Title 9 - Crimes against Personal Liberty and Security

• Title 10 - Crimes against Property
• Title 11 - Crimes against Chastity
• Title 12 - Crimes against the Civil Status of Persons
• Title 13 - Crimes against Honor
• Title 14 - Quasi-Offenses
• Title 15 - Final Provisions
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Labor Law &

Social Legislations
 D. Labor Law & Social Legislations

• Labor Standards
• Labor Relations
• Social Legislations
 Legal &
Judicial Ethics
 E. Legal and Judicial Ethics

• Code of Professional Responsibility

• Code of Judicial Conduct
• Canons of Professional Ethics
• Code of Judicial Ethics
• The Judiciary Reorganization Act of 1980
• The 1991 Revised Rules on Summary Procedure
• Alternative Dispute Resolution Act of 2004 - R.A. No. 9285
 E. Legal and Judicial Ethics

• The Arbitration Law - R.A. No. 876

• Rule on Examination of a Child Witness - A.M. No. 004-07-SC
• Rules on Electronic Evidence - A.M. No. 01-7-01-SC
• 2004 Rules on Notarial Practice - A.M. No. 02-8-13-SC
• Rule on Children Charged Under the Comprehensive
Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002 - A.M. No. 07-8-2-SC
• Rule on DNA Evidence - A.M. No. 06-11-05-SC
• The Rule on the Writ of Amparo
 E. Legal and Judicial Ethics
• The Rule on the Writ of Habeas Data - A.M. No. 08-1-16-SC
• Rule of Procedure for Small Claims Cases - A.M. No. 08-8-7-SC
• Special Rules of Court on Alternative Dispute Resolution
- A.M. No. 07-11-08-SC
• Rule of Procedure for Environmental Cases - A.M. No. 09-6-6-8-SC
• New Code of the Judicial Conduct for the Philippine Judiciary
- A.M. No. 03-05-01-SC
• Rule on Juveniles in Conflict with the Law - A.M. No. 02-1-18-SC
• Rule of Procedure for Small Claims Court, As Amended
- A.M. No.09-6-8-SC
 Mercantile &
Commercial Laws
 F. Mercantile & Commercial Law
• Corporation Code of the Philippines
• General Banking Laws
• Negotiable Instruments Law
• Insurance Code of the Philippines
• Intellectual Property Law of the Philippines
• Transportation Law and Common Carriage
• Law on Natural Resources
• Environmental Laws of the Philippines
• Insolvency Law
• Usury Laws
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Remedial Law
 G.1. Remedial Law
Part I . The 1997 Rules of Civil Procedure

• Civil Actions
• Procedure in Regional Trial Court
• Appeals
• Procedure in the Court of Appeals’
• Procedure in the Supreme Court
• Provisional Remedies
• Special Civil Actions
 G.2. Remedial Law

Part II . Special Proceedings

• Settlement of Estate of Deceased Persons

• General Guardians and Guardianship
 C.3. Remedial Law

Part III . Revised Rules of Criminal Procedure

Part IV . Revised Rules on Evidence

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Taxation Law
 H. Taxation Law

Part I. Income Taxation

Part II . Business Taxation