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Compressor Design, Triangle Velocity Example
Compressor Design, Triangle Velocity Example
Fluid Machinery
Pa Po Ai
Pa
T=Ai(po-pa)
T Po
T: Thrust
Pa
T Po Pa: Ambient
ue
Pressure Po: Internal
Steady-Flow
Pressure ue: Exit
Pa
.
T Po Velocity
ua
T=mua ua: Mass-average Exhaust Velocity
Propeller
Theory Air Velocity (u)
Air Motion
Axis of Blade Speed (Ut)
Rotation
w1t
u Relative
Approach
Ut Velocity
Relative (w1t)
Leaving
Velocity (w2t)
Blade Motion
u Swirling Velocity (u)
Axial Component of
Leaving Velocity (ue)
D w2t
u ue
c2 Leaving Velocity (c 2)
w1t Turning Angle ()
Limitation of the Propeller in Propulsion
Thus conventional propellers are used for flight speeds well below
the speed of sound; usually at or below 135 m/s (300 mph).
Air
Axis Blade speed too high
Motion w1t
u Flight speed too slow
Ut Operating outside of design
parameters
Blade
Motion
Axis Air
Motion w1t
Poor design: Turning angle u
is too large Ut
Blade
Motion
The Importance of the Compressor/Turbine in Modern Flight
It was not until 1939 that a compressor, combuster, and turbine
were coupled together to create the first turbo engine for aircraft
propulsion.
NOTE: Due to the ram compression due to flight speed, the optimum
compressor pressure ratio (CPR) goes to zero around Mach 4.
CPR 30:1 for subsonic flight.
CPR 10:1 @ Mach 2.
Compressor not needed at
Comparison of the Axial-Flow and Radial-Flow Compressors
U r D 2
U 2 8000
m
U 209.4 60s
4
s
m
Wx U W x 209.44
s
Step 2.
W1
Vin 1
Calculate the air to blade
relative velocity and the
U angle between the relative
and actual air speed.
m
W 269.7
W 1 Wx 2 V
2
i 1
5
n s
W x
1 atan 50.934deg
V in 1
Step 3.
Axial velocity (Vin) does not change.
W2 Calculate relative exit angle(2), then
2
portion of the relative blade speed
Vin
(Uw2). Calculate relative air speed
U w2 (W2)
V in
U w2 V intan W 2
2 cos
2
1
m 2 m
123.21 W 209.95
U w2 4 6
2 35.934deg s 2
s
Step 4.
Calculate the portion of the relative
V2 W2 blade speed associated with the actual
2
air velocity (Uv2), the calculate the
Vin
actual air speed (V2).
U w2
U v2
m
86.22
U v2 W x U w2 U v2 6
s
m
2 V 190.61
V2 Vin Uv2 2
2
7
s
The Compressor Pressure
2
Vin
T o 1 T i n
2C p T o 1 314.392K
Specific work of the stage is
calculated from the torque of the Tsha ft
shaft, angular velocity of the blade, wstage m
and mass flow rate of the air. dot
1
To2
CPR
T o1
The answer is:
CPR 1.215