POWER POINT PRESENTATION

TOPIC: HYDEL POWER PLANT

ASSAM ENGINEERING INSTITUTE

GUWAHATI-03

SUBMITTED BY-
1. SAQLAIN HAIDER (AEI/20/ME/013)
2. PRANJIT LAHKAR (AEI/20/ME/016)
3. DEBAJIT DEKA (AEI/20/ME/017)
4. NILUTPAL DAS (AEI/20/ME/022)
5. BHARGAV SHARMA (AEI/20/ME/039)
6. PRADYUT DEKA (AEI/20/ME/041)

SUBJECT :POWER PLANT ENGINEERING

GUIDED BY-
MR. JITUMONI DEKA
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
ASSAM ENGINEERING INSTITUTE, GUWAHATI-03
 CONTENT

SERIAL TOPIC- PAGE

NO. NO.
1. Introduction- hydel power plant 1
2. Site selection of a hydel power plant 2
3. Schematic diagram of a hydel power plant 3
4. Components of a hydel power plant 4-8
9
5. Working of a hydel power plant
6. Classification of hydel power plant 10-12
Difference between hydel power plant and thermal 13
7. power plant
8. Advantages and disadvantages of hydel power plant 14
9. Uses of hydel power plant 15
 INTRODUCTION-HYDEL POWER PLANT

 A hydel power plant or hydel power station generates power by using a dam to, converting the kinetic energy
of water stored into the electrical energy.

 30% of the total power generation in the world is provided by hydel power plant.

 The world’s hydel power potential is about 2824 MKW.

 In India, 25.32% of the total electricity generation capacity is produced by hydel power plant.

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 SITE SELECTION OF A HYDEL POWER PLANT

1. Availability of water
2. Water storage
3. Water head
(water head is directly proportional to the cost of generation of electric power)
4. Distance from load center.
5. Availability of land
6. Geological characteristics of land

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SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF A HYDEL POWER PLANT

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 COMPONENTS OF HYDEL POWER PLANT

The main components of hydel power plant-

1. Forebay- A basin area of hydel power plant where water is temporarily stored before going into the intake
chamber.

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2. Intake structure - A structure which collects water from forebay and directs it penstock .

3. Penstock - Large pipes laid with some slope which carries water from intake structure or reservoir to turbines.

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4. Surge chamber - Also called surge tank, is a cylindrical tank which is open at the top to control the pressure in
penstock

5. Turbine - A device which can convert the hydraulic energy into mechanical energy which again converted into
electrical energy by coupling the shaft of turbine to generate.

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6. Power House - A building provided to protect the hydraulic and electrical equipment, fixed with the foundation
laid in big dimensions

7. Draft tube - It contains gradually increasing diameter tube connecting turbine outlet to tailrace, so that water
discharged in it with safe velocity

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8. Tailrace - It is the flow of water from turbines to the stream.

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 WORKING OF HYDROELECTRIC POWER PLANT

• The potential energy stored in the water of the reservoir stored at a higher level will release as kinetic energy as it falls
to the lower level. 
• Water from the reservoir will be made to fall on the turbine in such a way that the force due to the waterfall will result
in rotating the turbine. 
• The turbine is further connected to the generator, then the generator will generate electricity. The electricity
produced is also known as the hydroelectric current or hydropower.
• This is how hydroelectric power plants work and hence produce electricity which is further transmitted through
transmission lines as per the need.

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 CLASSIFICATION OF HYDEL POWER PLANT

• Hydroelectric Power Plant is classified based on:

1. Availability of Water Flow
2. Availability of Water Head
3. According to Load Type

 Classification of Hydroelectric Power Plant Based on Availability of Water Flow:

1. Run Off River Power Plant without storage: Here the Power Plant works only when there is enough water since
there is no storage facility available. The facility is placed where there is connectivity directly to the river or pond. The
development cost of this plant is cheaper compared to the full time plant. The objective of such a plant is to utilize
excessive water during the flood situation or the rainy season.

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2. Run Off River Power Plants with storage: The pond is used as storage for the water along with increasing its capacity.
This type of plant is used mostly during the fluctuating load period depending on the storage size. These types of Power
Plants save the conservation of coal.

3. Reservoirs Power Plant: In this, the water is stored behind the dam which is available throughout the year. This Power
Plant is used during the peak consumption of electricity as well as during the base period.

 Classification of Hydroelectric Power Plant Based on Availability of Water Head:

1. Low Head Hydroelectric Power Plant: The Propeller Turbines are used for the Low Head Power Plant. The dam is
placed just ahead of the water resources such as the pond or the river.

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2. Medium Head Hydroelectric Power Plant: This power plant has a Forebay created mainly to store water. They are the
storage tank which taps the river water which goes to the Turbine through the Penstock. The Forebay serves as a surge
tank.

3. High Head Hydroelectric Power Plant: The dam constructed usually is for maximum reserve water level. The Surge
tank stores the additional water which would be required during the peak load time with the supply to the Turbine.

 Classification of Hydroelectric Power Plant Based on Load Supply:

1. Base Load Supply: This type of Power Plant is a large capacity plant providing extensive supply. There is a Base portion
to the load curve of the Power Plant. This sort of Power Plant is suitable for the constant load.
2. Peak Load Supply: As the name suggests, the Power Plant is suitable for the peak load curve. This needs a big capacity
water storage facility.
3. Pumped Storage: Here, the pumped storage method is utilized. The water is kept in reserve for the high demand periods
which comes from the Turbines to back up a storage pool which is situated above the power plant.

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 DIFFERENECE BETWEEN HYDEL POWER PLANT AND THERMAL POWER PLANT

HYDEL POWER PLANT THERMAL POWER PLANT

1. Energy is generated by flowing water which 1. Energy is generated by using coal,
turns turbines to produce electricity. petroleum and natural gas.

2. In this, potential energy of water stored in 2. In this, chemical energy of the fuel is
converted into electrical energy. converted into electrical energy.

3. It is pollution free. 3. It causes pollution due to burning of fuel.

4. It is suitable for peak load plant. 4. It is not suitable for peak load plant.
5. Efficiency is high. 5. Efficiency is less.
6. Initial cost is high. 6. Initial cost is less.
7. Life of the plant is more. 7. Life of the plant is less.

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  Advantages of Hydroelectric Power Plant
1. Flexibility
2. Cheapest Energy Source
3. Reduced CO2 Emission
4. Water Brings With it Huge Energy.
5. High-Value Power
6. Hydropower Stations Help the Environment
7. Hydropower is Becoming More Affordable to Individual Customers

 Disadvantages of Hydroelectric Power Plant

1. Impact on the Environment

2. Hydroelectric Power Plant Displaces Human Natural Environment

3. Construction Conditions are Limited
4. Dam Construction is Expensive
5. Siltation and a Lack of Flow
6. Methane Leaks (From Repositories)
7. Failure Risk
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  Uses of Hydropower Plants:

• Since the generation of electricity in hydropower plants is very quick, they can provide
essential back-up power during major electricity outages.
• Hydropower is used to control flood, help in irrigation, and water supply.
• Hydropower plays a major role in reducing greenhouse gas emission

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