CLASSIFICATION

Finding Order
in Diversity
Kingdom
Phylum

DEFINE TAXONOMY
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species

 Disciplineof
classifying
organisms and
assigning each
organism a
universally
accepted name. TURKEY VULTURE
(Cathartes aura)
Kingdom
Phylum

WHY CLASSIFY?
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species

1. How do biologists use a

classification system to study
the diversity of life?
to name organisms and group
them in a logical manner.
Kingdom
Phylum

WHY CLASSIFY?
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
2. How do taxonomists group
organisms when they classify
them?
Into groups that have
biological significance.
Kingdom
Phylum

WHY CLASSIFY?
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species

3. How does classification make

life easier?
grouping things makes them
easier to find and work with
3a. What are some things we
classify?
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
C. ASSIGNING
SCIENTIFIC NAMES
Genus
Species

1. Many organisms may

have several different
common names.
1a.The cougar is also
known as the mountain
lion, catamount, or
puma …thus the need
Felis concolor
for a scientific name.
Photo courtesy Texas Parks
and Wildlife Department ©
2004
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
ASSIGNING SCIENTIFIC NAMES
Genus
Species
2. A Swedish botanist named
Carolus Linnaeus developed
Binomial Nomenclature, a two-
word naming system
for naming all species
on earth.
What do botanists
study?
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
ASSIGNING SCIENTIFIC NAMES
Genus
Species

2a. The first part of the

scientific name is the genus.
This word is always written
first and capitalized.
Homo sapien
It appears in italics or is
underlined.

Grizzly bear picture is reproduced with permission from WWF. © 2004 WWF- World
Ursus arctos
Wide Fund For Nature (Formerly World Wildlife Fund). All Rights Reserved.
www.panda.org. horribilis
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
ASSIGNING SCIENTIFIC NAMES
Genus
Species

2b. The second part of

the scientific name is
the species name.
This word is always Homo sapien
written second and is
not capitalized.
It appears in italics or is
underlined.
Ursus arctos
horribilis
Kingdom
Phylum

TURN & TALK

Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species

 What are these animals’ scientific

names? Common Chimpanzee Paramecium
name
Domain Eukarya Eukarya
Kingdom Animalia Protista
Phylum Chordata Ciliophora
Class Mammalia Ciliatea
Order Primates Peniculida
Family Hominidae Paramecidae
Genus Pan Paramecium
species troglodytes caudatum

? ?
(scientifi
c name)
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Why are scientific names
Family
Genus
Species
better than common names?
 Ex: pill bug, rolly polly, potato bug
 Common names for the same species
are different and confusing
 Binomial Nomenclature uses Latin (a
“dead” unchanging language) that is
understood by scientists worldwide
 Scientific Name: Armadillidium vulgare
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
LINNAEUS’S SYSTEM OF
Family
Genus
Species
CLASSIFICATION
1. Linnaeus’ hierarchical system of
classification includes eight
levels called taxa.
They are, from largest to smallest,
Domain, Kingdom, Phylum,
Class, Order, Family, Genus,
Species.
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
8 taxa of classification:
Family
Genus

Domain
Species
1.
2. Kingdom
3. Phylum
4. Class
5. Order
6. Family
7. Genus Binomial name or

8. Species Scientific Name

Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
8 taxa of classification
Genus
Species DOMAIN
Kingdom
Phylum

Classification Groups
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
 The groups (largest  A sentence to help
to smallest) you remember!
 Domain  Dear
 Kingdom  King
 Phylum  Philip
 Class  Came
 Order  Over
 Family  For
 Genus  Good
 Species  Soup
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
LINNAEUS’S SYSTEM OF
Family
Genus
Species
CLASSIFICATION

2. The Domain is the largest and

most inclusive (includes) of the
taxonomic categories.
3. Species is the smallest and least
inclusive of the taxonomic
categories.
Kingdom

Levels of Classification:
Phylum
Class
Order

The 3 Domains
Family
Genus
Species

(based on cell type)

Archaea

The Five
The Three Domains
Kingdoms

Eubacteria Eukaryota
Kingdom

Levels of Classification:
Phylum
Class
Order

The 6 Kingdoms
Family
Genus
Species

- Based on…
- Cell type

- Number of Cells

- Mode of Feeding
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Levels of Classification
Family
Genus
Species
Kingdoms

 5 kingdoms-Monera,
Protists, Fungi, Plants,
Animals
 Organisms are place in
kingdoms based on
their ability to make
food and the number
of cells in their body
Kingdom

Levels of Classification
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus Phylum (pl. phyla)
Species

 In the plant kingdom,

phyla are sometimes
referred to as divisions.
 Plants are divided into
vascular and non-
vascular.
 There are 35 phyla in
the animal kingdom.
 These are divided into
vertebrate and
invertebrate.
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
Levels of Classification
Class, Order, Family
 These levels become
even more specific.
 They include fewer
organisms that have
more in common as
they go down the
levels.
Kingdom
Phylum

Genus
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species

 Contains closely related organisms

 Is used as the first word in an
organisms scientific name
Kingdom
Phylum

Species
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species

 Consist of organism of same type

 Are able to breed and produce young
of the same kind
 Species used as second word in
organisms scientific name.
Kingdom
Phylum

Scientific Name
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species

 Name of organism
made up of genus
and species.
 Written in italics
(Genus species) Genus
capitalized.
 Wolf- Canis lupus
Kingdom
Phylum

Final 7 Levels of Classification

Class
Order
Family
1 is Largest- 7 is Smallest
Genus
Species

1. Kingdom
7. Species 2.Phylum

7 Levels of
Classification
6. Genus 3. Class

5. Family 4. Order
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
LINNAEUS’S SYSTEM OF
Family
Genus
Species
CLASSIFICATION

4. The more taxonomic

levels that two
organisms share, the
more closely related
they are considered to
be.
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
LINNAEUS’S SYSTEM OF
Family
Genus
Species
CLASSIFICATION
What do the scientific names of the
polar, grizzly and panda bears tell you
about their similarity to each other?

Ursus maritimus Ursus arctos Ailuropoda

horribilis melanoleuca
Pictures reproduced with permission from WWF. © 2004 WWF- World Wide Fund For Nature
(Formerly World Wildlife Fund). All Rights Reserved. www.panda.org.
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
THINKING CRITICALLY
Genus
Species
Organism Cat Wolf Fly

Kingdom Animalia Animalia Animalia

Phylum Chordata Chordata Arthropoda

Class Mammalia Mammalia Insecta

Order Carnivora Carnivora Diptera

Family Felidae Canidae Muscidae

Genus Felis Canis Musca

Species F. domesticus C. lupus M. domestica

Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
THINKING CRITICALLY
Species

1. What type of animal is

Musca domestica? Animal; insect
2. From the table, which 2
animals are most closely
related? Cat and Wolf
3. At what classification
level does the Family Level
evolutionary relationship
between cats and wolves
diverge (become
different)?
Kingdom
Phylum

Examples of Classification
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
Common Pond Amoeba
 DOMAIN: Eukaryota
 KINGDOM: Protista
 PHYLUM: Sarcomastigophora
 CLASS: Sarcodina
 ORDER: Granulopodea
 FAMILY: Amoebidae
 GENUS: Amoeba
 SPECIES: Amoeba proteus
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
Kingdom
Phylum

Examples of Classification
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
Humans
 DOMAIN: Eukaryota (eukaryote cell)
 KINGDOM: Animalia (animal cells, heterotroph)
 PHYLUM: Chordata (all vertebrates)
 CLASS: Mammalia (all mammals)
 ORDER: Primata (all primates)
 FAMILY: Hominidae (bipedal primates)
 GENUS: Homo (humans and neanderthals)
 SPECIES: Homo sapiens (humans only!)
Kingdom
Phylum

Extra Credit!
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species

 For ten points extra credit, write out

the full classification of a living
organism of your choice on a piece of
paper. Think of a living organism that
you believe to be similar, and write
that classification out next to the
first. Compare and highlight how many
classification groups they share.