FIRST AID

HANDBOOK

Mohammad Jeddan M. Taha

SPORTS 11-1
 SPRAINS AND
STRAINS This two are similar but the difference between a

sprain and a strain is that a sprain injures the

bands of tissue that connect two bones together,
while a strain involves an injury to a muscle or
to the band of tissue that attaches a muscle to a
bone.

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 Sprains and Strains
Signs and symptoms
Symptoms of a sprain can include:

• intense pain

• restricted mobility

• swelling and bruising around injury joint

develops quickly.

Symptoms of a strain can include:

• sharp, sudden pain in the injury region

• loss of power

• tender muscle.
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If there is a lot of pain, manage the injury as a fracture and seek medical aid. 3
Managing a sprain or strain

1. Follow the DRSABCD action plan

2. Follow the RICE management plan;

a) Rest the patient and the injury

b) Apply an icepack (cold compress) wrapped in a wet cloth to the injury for 15 minutes every 2 hours for
24 hours and then for 15 minutes every 4 hours for 24 hours
c)Apply a compression elastic bandage firmly to the injury that extends well beyond the injury
d)Elevate the injured part.

3. Seek medical aid.

 Burns and scalds
What is a burn or scald?
Burns are damage to the tissue of your body caused
by heat, too much sun, chemicals or electricity.
Scalds are caused by hot water or steam.

Burns and scalds can range from being a minor

injury to a life-threatening emergency. It depends
how deep and how large they are.

The most common causes of burns are:

• scalds from hot drinks such as cups of tea or coffee, hot water or steam from kettles or pots, or
hot water taps in the kitchen or bathroom
• contact with flames
• contact with hot objects such as stoves, irons, hair straighteners and hot coals
• chemical burns from swallowing things, such as drain cleaner or button batteries, or from
spilling chemicals such as bleach, oven cleaner and concrete onto the skin
• electrical burns

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 HOW TO TREAT BURNS
SCALDS
• Stop the burning process as soon as possible.
• Remove any clothing or jewellery near the burnt area
of skin, including babies' nappies. Most small burns will heal themselves in 10 to 12 days. If the burn
• Cool the burn with cool or lukewarm running water does not have any blisters or broken skin, such as sunburn, a simple
moisturiser such as sorbolene is the best treatment. For all other burns
for 20 minutes as soon as possible after the injury. seek medical treatment for appropriate dressings.
• Keep yourself or the person warm. Use a blanket or
layers of clothing, but avoid putting them on the
injured area.
• Cover the burn with cling film.
• Treat the pain from a burn with paracetamol or
ibuprofen. The treatment for serious burns includes:
• Sit upright as much as possible if the face or eyes are • pain relief medicine
burnt. • Dressings
• possible admission to hospital
• perhaps surgery

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 THANK
GOOD DAY YA’ALL
YOU
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