Translation

Techniques
By John Richard Hamlet e. Isaac
BEED2B
 Introduction
The Process of Translation is the way to transfer the meaning of words,
phrases, clauses and sentences from a source language to a target
language. The goal here is to find an equivalent meaning of (for example
a word) from a source language to the target language.
 Discussion
According to Lucía Molina and Amparo Hurtado Albir (2002)
translation techniques has eighteen types.
 1. Adaptation

• Replaces the cultural elements

• It can be used if the elements of those cultures have
equivalents in the TL (Target Language).

Ex.

SL: “This movie is amazing!”

TL: “Ang ganda nitong palabas!”
2. Amplification (Addition)

• Adds information that basically does not exist in the

source sentence.
• The presence of additional information in the target
sentence is intended to further clarify the concept.
Ex.
SL: “He drives to school.”
TL: “Pumupunta siya ng eskuwlahan gamit ang kotse
niya”
 3. Bprrowing

• Borrowing uses words or phrases when

translating the source language into the
target language.
• Borrowing can be pure borrowing without
making changes.
Ex.
SL: “News anchor”
TL: “News anchor”
 4. Calque
 This technique is a literal translation
of a word or phrase from the source
language to the target language.
Ex.
SL: “He is not from here”
TL: “Hindi siya taga rito
 5. Compensation

• Compensate the word so the reader can

understand the meaning.
Ex.
SL: “Hello.”
TL: “Kamusta?”
 6. Description
• Describes the object to replaces the term in
the source language with the description in
the target language.
• This technique is used when a term in the
source language does not have a term in the
target language.
Ex.
SL: “Ang sarap ng Halo-Halo.”
Tl: “Halo-Halo is delicious, it’s a traditional
Philippine dissert with shaved ice, fruits and
milk.”
 7. Discursive Creation

• Using equivalent translation

techniques while away from their
original context.
• Appears in the translation of movie
titles, anime, books, and novels.
Ex.
SL: “Boku no Hero Academia”
TL: “My Hero Academia”
8. Establish Equivalence

 Already prevalent in the target

language.
 Based on the Dictionary
Ex.
SL: “Dear Sir/Madam”
TL: “Mahal na Ginoo o Ginang”
 9. Generalization

Translates to a word or phrase well known by

a wider community.
Ex.
SL: “Kilig”
TL: “Romantic Excitement.”
10. Particularization
Contras with the Generalization
technique.
Is more specific
Ex.
SL: “He’s playing videogames”
TL: “Naglalaro siya sa computer.”
Or “Naglalaro siya ng (title of
vidogame)”
 11. Linguistic
Amplification
• Adds Elements of Linguistics from
SL into the TL. This technique is
often used in interpreting or
dubbing.
Ex.
SL: “hungry?”
TL: “Gusto mong kumain?
 12. Linguistic
compression
 Collects linguistic elements that
exist in the source language, this
technique is also used in interpreting
or dubbing.
Ex.
SL: “let’s go!”
TL: “Tara!”
 13. Literal Translation

• Translates word for word

Ex.
SL: “The team is working to finish the
report.”
TL: “Tinatapos na ng grupo ang i-uulat.” 
 
 14. Modulation
• It replaces the cognitive aspect that
exist in the source language, either
lexical or structural.
Ex.
SL: “Tumabi jan!”
TL: “ikaw kun mahali ka?”
 15. Reduction
• Condenses the information
contained in the source language
into the target language. Compacting
of information should not alter the
text of the message in the source
language.
Ex.
SL: “The boy got in a car accident”
TL: “Na aksidente yung bata”
16. Substitution
• This technique replaces the linguistic
element into paralinguistic (such as
intonation and gesture) or vice versa.

Ex.
Lip pointing in the Philippines means
“over there”
 17. Transposition

• Replaces the grammatical

categories of the source language
into the target language.
• Replacing the words to become
phrases.
Ex.
SL: “I’m so bored”
TL: “Wala akong magawa”
18. Variation
 Replaces linguistic elements or
paralinguistic which influences the
linguistic variable. For example, a textual
change of tone, style, geographical dialect,
dialect and social.
Ex.
SL: “Get out!”
TL:“Lumabas ka sa pamamahay na
ito!”
Thank You
For Watching.