ESCUELA DE OFICIALES

POLICIA NACIONAL DEL PERU

ENGLISH IX
UNIT 01
WEEK 04

Professor: Miss. Valeria Tizón

 Wednesday, April 12th, 2023
Objective:
The present perfect simple
expresses an action that is still
going on or that stopped recently
but has an influence on the present.
It puts emphasis on the result.
 STRUCTURE OF
PRESENT
PERFECT SIMPLE
 AFFIRMATIVE FORM
VERB
SUBJECT AUXILIARY EXAMPLES
(PAST PARTICIPLE)

I I have been to Mexico.

have
've
You You have been to Mexico.

He He has been to Mexico.

has
She She has been to Mexico.
's
been
It It has been to Mexico.

We We have been to Mexico.

have
You You have been to Mexico.
've

They They have been to Mexico.

REMINDER!
Remember that with regular verbs we
form the past participle by adding -ed
to the end of the verb, while with
irregular verbs we have to look at the
3rd column of the list of irregular
verbs.
 NEGATIVE FORM
VERB
SUBJECT AUXILIARY EXAMPLES
(PAST PARTICIPLE)

I I haven't been to Mexico.

have not
haven't You haven't been to
You
Mexico.

He He hasn't been to Mexico.

has not She hasn't been to

She
hasn't Mexico.
been
It It hasn't been to Mexico.

We haven't been to
We
Mexico.
have not You haven't been to
You
haven't Mexico.
They haven't been to
They
Mexico.
 INTERROGATIVE FORM
VERB
AUXILIARY SUBJECT EXAMPLES
(PAST PARTICIPLE)

I Have I been to Mexico?
Have
you Have you been to Mexico?

he Has he been to Mexico?

Has she Has she been to Mexico?

been?
it Has it been to Mexico?

we Have we been to Mexico?

Have you Have you been to Mexico?

Have they been to
they
Mexico?
Interrogative sentences in present perfect also have their own short answers.

ADVERB SUBJECT AUXILIARY

I
have
you

he

she has
Yes,
it

we
A: Have you locked the door? 
you have B: Yes, I have.
they
Interrogative sentences in present perfect also have their own short answers.

ADVERB SUBJECT AUXILIARY

I
haven't
you

he

she hasn't
No,
it

we
A: Has he broken the window? 
you haven't B: No, he hasn't.

they
 How is
the present perfect used?
Actions performed at undetermined point in the past that have a result in the present.  It is not
important to know exactly when the action occurred.

She has made her bed. He has watered the plants.

The bed was made at some point in the past, we do
At some point in the past, he watered the plants.
not know when. The result in the present is that the
The result is that the plants have water now.
bed is made.
Experiences

She has flown in a balloon, she has done parachuting, and she has swum with dolphins.

She did all these activities at some point in the past, but the time she did them is not mentioned because it is not relevant in
this context. That is, she emphasizes the action but not the specific moment when the action took place.
Repeated actions that have taken place at different times in the past, that is, that have occurred
more than once.

I have lost my wallet four times. I have seen the film twice.

In this case, the action of losing his wallet has In this case, the action has taken place a couple of
taken place repeatedly. The important thing is the times in the past. Again, the important thing is not
action, not when it happened. when it happened but the action itself (see the
movie).
Actions that began at some specific point in the past and
continue in the present.

Mary has worked in a bank since 1999.

Mary started working at the bank at one point in the past (1999) and she is still working there today.
 TIME
EXPRESSIONS
Already & Yet
 ALREADY

The action took place at some point before

now or before the expected time. It is used
in affirmative sentences, and it can
go between the auxiliary verb have and
the main verb, or at the end of a sentence.

Mary has already washed the dishes.

 YET
In interrogative sentences it is used to ask whether something that was expected to happen has
occurred. In negative sentences it is used to express that an action that should have happened has not
taken place.  It goes at the end of a sentence.

My sister hasn't arrived in London yet. Has Mr. Jones corrected the exams yet?

 REMINDER!
Time expressions that indicate a specific moment in the past, for
example: yesterday, on Monday, at 6, last year... are used with the simple
past but not with the perfect present unless we refer to a period of
time that has not yet ended (this week, today, this year...).

Example:

• I've had three exams today.

• Sue has travelled a lot this year.

In both examples, the time period expressed (today, this year) has not
ended.
ADJETIVES
AND NOUNS
Personality
Fill the gap with one of the following personality adjectives.

lazy - jealous - selfish - funny - generous - mean - greedy - helpful

1. He always wants to know where his girlfriend is going. He's a bit ______ I think.
2. Sheila didn't want to give me 50 cents for the bus this morning. She's so ______ !
3. Can you be   ______ and lift that box onto the table for me? Thanks.
4. Brian is quite  ______ , always thinking of himself.
5. I collected money for an animal charity last week and so many ______ people gave money. We raised
nearly $1000!
6. Tim, leave your sister's cake alone. You're so ______ !
7. My dad is very  ______ , always telling jokes and laughing.
8. Get up, it's nearly eleven o'clock you  ______ boy!