DBTI –

• Grade
Tarlac9:
THIRD QUARTER

UNIT 7:
First Aid Basics, Guidelines, and
Procedures

Prepared by: Leonora P.Atienza

 Learning Competency

Demonstrates the conduct of primary and

secondary survey of the victim (CAB)
 Learning Objectives

The Learner….
• Define injury, emergency action, and first aid
• Identify the principles of emergency action and first aid
• Identify the roles and responsibilities of a good first aider
 POINTERS to Review
1. 4 types of Injury
2. Roles and responsibilities of a Good
Aider
3. Mnemonic SAMPLE mean
1.Why is first aid important?
2.What are the characteristics of a good
first aider?
 Discussion

• Introduction…..
• First Aid Principles
First Aid
Many accidents or emergencies happen, and medical help is
often not immediately available in these situations.
 Discussion

What is first Aid?

- Is the care given to an injured or sick person in the
absence of immediate medical attention until it arrives
at the scene for more long-term assistance.
Discussion
 Discussion
Injury - hurt, damage, or loss sustained
4 types of injury

•Abrasions - are usually the result of a rub or scrape on a rough

surface, like skinning your knee on the playground or scratching
your elbow on a brick wall. ..
. 
 Discussion
•Lacerations - are cuts, slices, or tears in the skin. ...

•Avulsions. Also known as a skin tear, an avulsion is a deep break

to the skin, tearing it away from the underlying tissue. 
 Discussion

•Avulsions. Also known as a skin tear, an avulsion is a deep

break to the skin, tearing it away from the underlying
tissue. 
 Discussion
•Punctures - puncture is a wound made by a pointed object
such as a nail, knife, or sharp tooth
. 
 Discussion
- 8 Of The Most Common First Aid Injuries
•Cut/Scrape.
•Burn: Burn: Immediately hold injury under cold running water or
apply a cold, wet towel until the pain subsides. ...
•Insect Bite/Sting: ...
•Splinter: ...
•Sunburn: ...
•Nosebleed: ...
•Sprains, Strains, and Tears:
•Fractures:
 Discussion
Roles and Responsibilities of a Good Aider
•Protect the people involved.
•Assess the situation.
•Perform proper first aid.
•Prevent infections from happening. An infection occurs when pathogens get
into an injured area, like a wound. A pathogen is an agent that can cause
disease, and common examples are bacteria and viruses. The first aider must
make sure that no infections happen.
•Comfort the victim.
•Call for help.
 Discussion

Primary and Secondary Survey of the Victim

-Some steps must be taken to assess the status of the victim accurately.

Primary Survey
is a way of knowing any urgent medical concerns for the victim.
 Discussion

Steps to assess the victim

D for danger - The first step involves checking for any immediate danger to the
victim, to the aider, or anyone in the vicinity.

R for response. This involves checking if the victim is conscious and

responding.

S for help. Sending and calling for help is crucial since the aim of first aid is to
provide immediate support, and more long-term medical care should be called.
 Discussion
A for airway. This involves checking if the victim’s airways are blocked.
Blocked
airways can lead to labored breathing.

B for breathing. Checking for the victim’s breathing comes after.

C for CPR. CPR, or cardiopulmonary resuscitation, is a method to restore

responses in a victim.

D for defibrillator. A defibrillator is a device that uses electricity to

restore the
heart’s beating
 Key Points

Defibrillator
 Discussion
Secondary Survey
The secondary survey can be summarized with the mnemonic SAMPLE.

•S for signs and symptoms. Self explanatory, this step involves checking for
relevant signs or symptoms related to the emergency.
•A for allergies. This involves checking for the victim’s allergic reactions
and
allergy history.
 Discussion
•M for medications. The victim’s regular regimen of medicines should
also
be checked since this can give an insight into the conditions of the victim.
•P for past medical history. This is a survey of any existing or previous
medical conditions that the victim has had.
•L for last intake. This involves checking for the victim’s last meal, as
it
may have triggered any negative reactions.
•E for events leading to the situation. This checks for the series of events
that may have led to the emergency.
 ACTIVITY

Answer the question briefly

1. Are first aid procedures the same for all types

of injuries? Yes or No, Why?