Lesson 1:

Biology 5090
Topic: The Need for
Excretion
Conducted by: Miss Numaira Urooj
 The Need for Excretion
Chemical reaction in living cells produce waste
product
 Chemical reaction in which complex substances are
broken down into simpler ones are called catabolic
reaction or catabolism
 Examples of catabolic reactions:
 Glucose (complex substance) is oxidized or broken
down into carbon dioxide and water (simpler
substances) with the release of energy during cellular
respiration
 Proteins and amino acids are deaminated in the liver
to form urea.
 Continue…
Chemical reaction in which simpler substances
are built up into more complex substance are
called anabolic reactions (anabolism)
Examples of anabolic reactions:
 The formation reaction of new proteins (complex
substance) from amino acids ( simpler substances)
 The conversion of glucose into glycogen in the
liver and muscles.
 The process of photosynthesis
The sum of all the chemical reaction with in the
body of an organism is known as metabolism
Metabolism = Catabolism + Anabolism
Metabolic reactions produce waste products.
These metabolic waste products can be harmful or
toxic if they accumulate in the body.
Hence, they must be removed.
Metabolic waste products are removed from the
body through the process of excretion.
egestion
What is excretion?
Excretion is the process by which metabolic
waste products and toxic substances are
removed from the body of an organism.
Metabolic waste products and toxic substances
are also known as excretory products.
Most unicellular organisms, such as the
amoeba, are able to excrete their waste products
by diffusion into the surrounding environment.
Large organisms, especially animals with
permeable skin, need special excretory organs.
 Excretion
Excretory product in humans
organ Excreted as
Carbondioxide Lungs Gas is expired air
The organs involved
salt, and nitrogenous
Excess mineral Kidneys in excretion and
Constituent of urine
waste products:
their excretory products
• Mainly urea(indirectly from
Skin are shown
Constituent in
of sweat,
in small quantities for
the
but only
deamination of protein)
table
• Uric acid (from breakdown of nucleic
nitrogenous waste
acid)
• Creatinine (from breakdown of
muscles)
Excess water Kidneys Main Constituent of urine

Skin Main Constituent of sweat

Lungs Water vapor in expired air

Bile pigments (from breakdown of Liver Constituent of feaces, via the

haemoglobin) intestines
The Human Urinary system