JOEMAR TUMINDOG

25 years old
Address: Marahan, Marilog District, Davao city
Civil status: Single ready to mingle
Accomplishment WORK Experience
• Heavy equipment operator NCII 1. Security guard
• Small engine NCII 2. Construction worker
• Rice Machinery Operation NCII 3. Cooker of karenderya
• Domrac NCII 4. Maintenance ENJAY
• PV NCII FARM

• Welding NCI
• Electrical NCII
PHILIPPINE AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING
STANDARDS
PRETEST
IDENTIFICATION
1. WHAT IS THE MEANING OF (DA)?
2. WHAT IS THE MEANING OF (BAR)?
3. WHAT IS THE MEANING OF (PRC)?
4. WHAT IS THE MEANING OF (NAFC)?
5. WHAT IS THE MEANING OF (PSAE)?
6. WHAT IS THE MEANING OF (BPRE)?
7. WHAT IS THE MEANING OF (AMTEC)?
PHILIPPINE AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING STANDARDS

Department of Agriculture (DA)

Bureau of Agricultural Research (BAR)
Professional Regulation Commission (PRC)
National Agricultural Fishery Council (NAFC)
Philippine Society of Agricultural Engineering (PSAE)
Bureau of Postharvest Research and Extension (BPRE)
Agricultural Machinery Testing and Evaluation Center (AMTEC)
INTRODUCTION

Status of Philippine Agricultural Engineering Standards (PAES)

• In the past, development of agricultural engineering standards has not been given due attention.
The practice of agricultural engineering is base on standards from the US and other countries
• As of 2011, there are 193 existing Philippine Agricultural Engineering Standards in the Areas
of Agricultural Production Machinery, Postharvest Machinery, Engineering Materials and
Agricultural Structures.
• Standards for irrigation and alternative energy are non-existent.
• Standards for rural electrification and domestic water supply lodged in other engineering fields
and not with agricultural engineering
Status of Philippine Agricultural Engineering Standards
(PAES)
• There is a need to continue the development of PAES
• International standards for agricultural engineering must be reviewed and modified to suit
Philippine conditions.
• Some sections of PNS of related engineering fields must be reviewed and modified for
applicability to agricultural engineering.
• New Standards unique to the needs of the country must be written.
BACKGROUND

• In 1977, AMTEC was established with the objective of improving the quality of agricultural machines by writing test
standards and testing these machines against the established standards
• In the late 70’s the BPS established the Technical Committee on Machinery Standards for Agriculture And Forestry
(TC 56). Ten Philippine National Standards were developed.
• Later, TC 56 was replaced by TC 19. Five Philippine national standards were developed.
• In 1992, the Consumer Act of the Philippines (Republic Act No. 7394) was enacted identifying standards development
to three agencies.
• Department of Agriculture – standards for agricultural products
• Department of Health – standards for drugs, cosmetics, devices and substances
• Department of Trade and Industry – standards for other products not covered by the two agencies
BACKGROUND

• In 1995, PSAE created its Codes and Standards Committee with 10 subcommittees based on the different
agricultural engineering concerns. Two initial standards were developed.
• In 1998, the Philippine Agricultural Engineering Act empowered the Board of Agricultural Engineers of the
Professional Regulation Commission (BOAE-PRC) in collaboration with concerned agencies to develop a
code of technical standards of Agricultural Engineering
• In October 1999, BPRE funded the proposal of AMTEC for the development of test standards for Postharvest
machinery. Eleven standards were developed.
• In 2000, BAR funded the BOAE-PRC-PSAE PCARRD-UPLB proposal entitled “enhancing the
implementation of AFMA through improved Agricultural Engineering Standards. Seventy one standards were
developed.
BACKGROUND

• In 2001, DA issued AO 11 on the subject “Implementation of the National Agriculture and

Fisheries Mechanization Program (AgFiMech)” which stated, among others:
• AMTEC in partnership with PSAE and other concerned agencies, shall be charged with the
formulation and development of the official agriculture and fisheries machinery standards.
• Such standards shall be subjected to public hearings by the NAFC prior to its approval by
the Secretary of Agriculture.
• In 2005, DA continued to fund AMTEC for the development of standards for agricultural
machinery. Seventeen standards were developed and adopted by DA and PRC
• A series of DA Administrative Orders and PRC Board Resolutions were issued for the
adoption of the 120 standards contained in PAES I, PAES II, PAES III, PAES IV and PAES V.
PAES 138: 2004 ; AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY –
GUIDELINES ON AFTER-SALES SERVICE
1. This standard specifies guidelines on after-sales service for agricultural machinery.
2. For the purpose of this standard, the following definitions shall apply :
• after-sales services
• agricultural machinery
• Dealer
• Distributor
• Manufacturer
• warranty
3. Classification of Manufacturers/Distributors/Dealers
The manufacturers/distributors/dealers shall be classified according to size as small-,
medium-, or large-scale and rated based on Annex A.
4. General Requirements
Warranty for Construction and Durability- Warranty shall cover only failure or damages
from normal use and maintenance conditions. It shall not cover any damage due to the
following conditions: a) accident or natural disaster; b) improper operation and maintenance
of the machine; and c) unauthorized repair and/or use of non-genuine parts.
5. Services and Parts Availability -The manufacturer/distributor/dealer shall be capable of:
5.1 supplying the services of mechanic free of charge for replacing parts under warranty to put
the unit in running condition during the warranty period which includes the transportation cost
within 50-km radius;
5.2 providing services on repairs after warranty period at reasonable cost;
5.3 maintaining spare parts of at least 10% of their average past three-year sales per product to
ensure adequate inventory of spare parts; and
5.4 providing the other minimum after-sales service requirement given in Table 1
Table 1 – Minimum After-Sales Services Requirement
for Agricultural Machines
Minimum After-Sales Manufacturer/Distributor/Dealer Size Classification
Service RequirementsS Small Scale Medium Scale Large Scale

Service mechanics 1 2 3
Repair service area, m2 20 40 60
Service vehicle 1 2 3

Warranty within six months from the purchase of agricultural machinery or 600 hours,
whichever comes first

Repair and maintenance a. 1 set of basic a. 2 sets of basic a. 3 sets of basic

tools and equipment's (see tools/equipment b. set of tools/equipment b. 1 set of tools/equipment b. 2 sets
Table 2 for the list) special tools/equipment special tools/equipment of special tools/equipment
(optional)

Manual and catalogue Parts catalogue Repair or workshop manual

Parts inventory 10 % of their average past three-year sales per product shall be allotted to inventory of
PHILIPPINE AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING STANDARD
PAES 109 : 2000 AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY –
WALKING-TYPE AGRICULTURAL TRACTOR –
SPECIFICATIONS PART 1 : PULL-TYPE
• This standard specifies the requirements for walking-type agricultural tractor which is
classified as pull-type. This includes tractors with chain and sprocket transmission
system, gear transmission system and combination thereof
COMPONENTS OF WALKING-TYPE
AGRICULTURAL TRACTOR (PULL-TYPE)
MATERIALS OF CONSTRUCTION

• The tractor shall be generally made of steel bars and sheet metals.
• At least ISO chain number 10A-1 (ANSI chain number 50) shall be used for the chain
and sprocket transmission system.
• The handle bar shall be made of Black Iron (BI) pipe (schedule 40) with a minimum
diameter of 25 mm.
CONTROLS

• Throttle Lever
• This shall be accessible to the operator’s right-hand side of the handle bar.
• Types of throttle levers
• Vertical type
• Horizontal Type
• Main Clutch Lever
PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS

• The peak transmission efficiency of the tractor shall be at least 85%. .

• The manufacturer’s specified minimum field capacity of the tractor shall be attained. .
• The noise emitted by the tractor measured 50 mm away from the operator’s ear level shall
not be more than 92 db (A).
OTHER REQUIREMENTS

• Belt guard or cover .

• Mud guard .
• Rubber hand grip .
• Mechanisms for transmission belt adjustment shall be provided.
• Mechanism for handle bar height adjustment shall be provided.
PHILIPPINE AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING
STANDARD PAES 111 : 2000

• Agricultural Machinery – Walking-Type Agricultural Tractor –

Methods of Test
DEFINITIONS :

1. Applicable work – range of operations that could be performed by the machine as

specified by the manufacturer.
2. Ground clearance – distance between the supporting surface and the lowest point of
the tractor.
3. Overall height – distance between the horizontal supporting surface and the horizontal
plane touching the uppermost part of the tractor.
4. Overall length – distance between two vertical planes at right angles to the median
plane of the tractor and touching its front and rear extremities.
5. Overall width – distance between two vertical planes parallel to the median plane of
the tractor, each plane touching the outer-most point of the tractor on its respective side
and with wheels set for minimum track.
6. Slip - ratio of the difference between the speed of pulley or belt and wheels or track with
load, to the speed without load
BELT SLIP OF PULLEY IS DETERMINED BY THE
FOLLOWING FORMULA:
SLIP OF DRIVING WHEELS OR TRACKS IS
DETERMINED BY THE FOLLOWING FORMULA:
Tractor weight
-total weight of the machine excluding ballast and implements with the fuel tank filled
to 80 percent capacity and with normal amount of cooling water and lubricating oil (if
engine is integrated with the tractor) and with specified wheels.

Walking-type agricultural tractor

self-propelled machine having a single axle designed primarily to pull and propel
trailed or mounted agricultural implements and machinery.
General Conditions for Test and Inspection

Role of the manufacturer/dealer

shall submit to the official testing agency the specifications and other relevant information on the walking-
type agricultural tractor. An official representative shall be appointed to conduct minor repair, adjust and
witness the test.
Running-in and preliminary adjustment
Before the start of the test, the tractor should have undergone a breaking-in period. Before the field
performance test, the tractor shall be operated at the test site to make the necessary adjustments as per
manufacturer's recommendations. No adjustments shall be permitted during the test.
Test instruments and other needs
The suggested list of minimum field and laboratory test equipment and materials needed to carry out the tractor
test is shown in Annex A. These instruments should be calibrated regularly.
Suspension of test
If during the test run, the machine malfunctions so as to affect the machine's performance, the test may be
suspended with the concurrence of the official testing agency and the manufacturer’s representative. If it is the
engine that fails, it can be changed with an identical unit (if the engine is not integrated with the tractor).
Field Performance Tests
 These are carried out to test the field performance of operations applicable to the tractor to be tested.
For wetland test field, the field shall be soaked for at least twenty-four (24) hours.
 The tests shall be carried out on a dry/wet field where the soil type, dimensions, soil moisture
content/depth of water, soil resistance, shape and other conditions are to be recorded.

The kinds of field performance tests shall be the following:

 Plowing
This shall be done for fields of not less than 500 m2 and shall be rectangular with sides in the ratio of 2:1
as far as possible with three replications using circuitous method of plowing operation. Plowing depth
shall be 100 mm + 10 mm. The field may be irrigated or flooded depending on the condition.
 Rotary tilling
This shall be done for field of not less than 500 m2 and shall be rectangular with the sides in the ratio of
2:1 as far as possible with three replications. Tilling depth shall be 100 mm to 120 mm. The field may be
irrigated or flooded depending on the condition.
 Harrowing
This shall be carried out after plowing test on the same field under dry/flooded conditions.
 Laboratory Performance Tests

Transmission efficiency

1. This is carried out to determine the efficiency of the transmission system of the tractor, using an electric motor that
is either calibrated or coupled with a torque transducer.
2. The tractor on test, without its wheels, shall be fixed on the test frame. Brake load is applied on the wheel axle
and/or rotary tilling shaft by a dynamometer.
3. Power is transmitted from the motor output shaft to the input shaft (first shaft) of transmission box in the same
manner as those from engine to that of tractor, for instance, Vbelt. The diameter of the pulley on the output shaft of
the electric motor is computed so that speed of input shaft at rated speed of electric motor is the same as that of rated
engine speed. This test will not be applied to a tractor which engine and transmission box are directly coupled.
4. Brake load shall be applied until the computed axle power or tilling shaft power reaches the maximum value.
Varying load performance

 This is carried out to determine the performance of the tractor under different loadings applied to the
wheel axle or rotary tilling shaft.
 The tractor on test, with its engine but without its wheels, shall be fixed on the test frame.
 The engine shall be set at its rated speed and brake load shall be applied on the wheel axle or rotary
tilling shaft by a dynamometer at an increment of 5-kg load until the engine stalls.
 The load, speed of engine output shaft, transmission input shaft and axle, fuel consumption and
temperature of exhaust gas, transmission oil, atmospheric dry bulb and wet bulb temperatures shall be
measured simultaneously every 3 minutes at each applied brake load.
Continuous-running test

 This is carried out to evaluate the operating performance and to find out any abnormality or trouble
under the continuous running condition of the tractor.
 The tractor on test, with its engine but without its wheels, shall be fixed on the test frame. Brake load is
applied on the wheel axle or rotary tilling shaft by a dynamometer.
 The engine shall be set at its rated speed and a brake load equivalent to the maximum axle/rotary tilling
shaft power taken during the varying load performance test shall be applied on the wheel axle/rotary
tilling shaft.
 The load, speed of engine, transmission input shaft and axle/rotary tilling shaft, fuel consumption, and
temperature of exhaust gas and transmission oil shall be measured simultaneously every thirty (30)
minutes.
The testing methods for each type of walking-type agricultural tractor shall be as follows:

1. Pull type
 A brake load shall be applied on the wheel axle.
 The change-gear position shall be at the largest-ratio-reduction within the plowing speed range mentioned in
the specifications.
 The duration of continuous running test shall be 5 hours.

11. Tilling type

 A brake load shall be applied on the rotary tilling shaft.
 The change-gear position shall be at the largest-ratio-reduction within the tilling speed range mentioned in the
specifications.
 The wheel axle shall be driven with no load.
 The duration of continuous running test shall be five (5) hours.

111. Dual-purpose type

 There shall be two kinds of tests under dual-purpose type: wheel axle loading and tilling shaft loading tests.
 The method of loading on wheel axles and rotary tilling shaft shall be the same as in pull type and
tilling type, respectively. However, the duration of continuous running shall be for two and a half (2.5) hours
in either case.
ANNEX A : Suggested Minimum List of Field and Laboratory
PHILIPPINE AGRICULTURAL
ENGINEERING STANDARD
PAES 109 : 2000
Agricultural Machinery – Walking-type Agricultural Tractor – Specifications
3 Definitions

For the purpose of this standard, the following definitions shall apply:

3.1
walking-type agricultural tractor hand tractor pedestrian tractor
self-propelled machine having a single axle designed primarily to pull and propel trailed or mounted agricultural implements
and machinery

3.2 pull type traction type

capable of pulling various kinds of implements
4 Construction

The basic construction and components of the tractor is shown in Figure 1

Figure 1 – Components of Walking-type Agricultural Tractor (Pull-type)

5 Materials of Construction

5.1 The tractor shall be generally made of steel bars and sheet metals.

5.2 At least ISO chain number

6 Controls

6.1 Throttle Lever

6.1.1 This shall be accessible to the operator’s right-hand side of the handle bar.

6.1.2 Types of throttle levers

6.1.2.1 Vertical type For this

type, the throttle lever is pushed forward to increase engine speed and pulled rearward to decrease engine speed.
6.1.2.2 Horizontal Type

For this type, the throttle lever is pulled to the left to increase engine speed and to the right to decrease engine speed.
6.1.2.2 Horizontal Type

For this type, the throttle lever is pulled to the left to increase engine speed and to the right to decrease engine speed.

6.2 Main Clutch Lever

6.2.1 This shall be accessible to the operator’s-left hand side of the handle bar.

6.2.2 In the case of a vertical lever, the lever shall be pushed forward to start the forward motion of the tractor and shall be
pulled rearward to stop the tractor. An over-center linkage shall lock the lever in the forward engaged position.

6.2.3 In the case of a horizontal lever, the lever shall be pushed upward to start the forward motion of the tractor and shall be
pulled downward to stop the tractor. A lock shall be provided to hold the lever in the upward engaged position.
7 Performance Requirements

The tractor when tested in accordance with PAES 111 shall conform to the following requirements:

7.1 The peak transmission efficiency of the tractor shall be at least 85%.

7.2 The manufacturer’s specified minimum field capacity of the tractor shall be attained.
7.3 The noise emitted by the tractor measured 50 mm away from the operator’s ear level shall not be more than 92 db (A). *
8 Other Requirements

8.1 For operator’s safety, the following shall be provided:

8.1.1 Belt guard or cover

8.1.2 Mud guard

8.1.3 Rubber hand grip

8.2 Mechanisms for transmission belt adjustment shall be provided.

8.3 Mechanism for handle bar height adjustment shall be provided.

8.4 The hitch of the tractor shall be in accordance with the specifications of PAES 107.
*
Allowable noise level for six (6) hours of continuous exposure based on Occupational Safety and Health Standards, Ministry
of Labor, Philippines. 1983.
3 PAES 109 : 2000
8.5 The hexagonal axle of the tractor shall be in accordance with the specifications of PAES 108.

8.6 When the tractor is in transport mode, agricultural rubber tires shall be used.
9 Workmanship and Finish

9.1 The tractor shall be free from manufacturing defects that may be detrimental to its operation.

9.2 Any uncoated metallic surfaces shall be free from rust and shall be painted properly.

9.3 The tractor shall be free from sharp edges and surfaces that may injure the operator.

10 Warranty for Construction and Durability

10.1 Warranty against defective materials and workmanship shall be provided for parts and services except on consumable
maintenance parts such as belts within six (6) months from the purchase of the tractor.

10.2 The construction shall be rigid and durable without breakdown of its major components (i.e. transmission systems, etc)
within six (6) months from purchase by the first buyer.
11 Maintenance and Operation

11.1 Each tractor unit shall be provided with the following basic hand tools: three (3) pieces open wrenches; one (1) piece each
of Philips and flat screw driver; and one (1) piece adjustable wrench.

11.2 An operator’s manual, which conforms to PAES 102, shall be provided.

12 Sampling

The tractor shall be sampled for testing in accordance with PAES 103.

13 Testing

The sampled tractor shall be tested in accordance with PAES 111.

11 Maintenance and Operation

11.1 Each tractor unit shall be provided with the following basic hand tools: three (3) pieces open wrenches; one (1) piece each
of Philips and flat screw driver; and one (1) piece adjustable wrench.

11.2 An operator’s manual, which conforms to PAES 102, shall be provided.

12 Sampling

The tractor shall be sampled for testing in accordance with PAES 103.

13 Testing

The sampled tractor shall be tested in accordance with PAES 111.

 PAES 109 : 2000
14. Marking and Labeling

Each tractor shall be marked with the following

information using a plate, stencil or by directly
punching it at the most conspicuous place:

14.1 Registered Trademark of the 14.6 Name and address of the importer, if imported
Manufacturer (optional)

14.2 Brand 14.7 Country of manufacture (if imported) / “Made in the

Philippines” (if manufactured in the Philippines)
14.3 Model
14.8 Power requirement, kW
14.4 Serial number
14.9 Safety/precautionary markings
14.5 Name and address of the manufacturer
 PAES 111 : 2000

Foreword

This standard is a revision of the Standards Administrative Order (SAO) series of 1980 –
“Standardization of Procedures of Inspection and Test for Walking-type Agricultural Tractor”. The
pursuance of this standard was initiated by the Agricultural Machinery Testing and Evaluation Center
(AMTEC) under the project entitled “Enhancing the Implementation of AFMA Through Improved
Agricultural Engineering Standards” which was funded by the Bureau of Agricultural Research (BAR)
of the Department of Agriculture (DA).

This standard was reviewed by the Technical Committee for Study 1- Development of Standards for
Agricultural Production Machinery and was circulated to various private and government
agencies/organizations concerned for their comments and reactions. This standard was presented to the
Philippine Society of Agricultural Engineers (PSAE) and subjected to a public hearing organized by the
National Agriculture and Fisheries Council (NAFC). The comments and reactions received during the
presentation and public hearing were taken into consideration in the finalization of this standard.
Agricultural Machinery – Walking-Type Agricultural Tractor – Methods of Test
1 Scope
This standard specifies the methods of test and inspection for walking-type agricultural tractor, which can
also be temporarily used for riding by the use of attachments. Specifically, it shall be used to:

1.1 verify the requirements specified in PAES 109 and PAES 110 and the specifications submitted by the
manufacturer;

1.2 determine the field performance of the machine

1.3 evaluate the ease of handling and safety features

1.4 determine the laboratory performance of the machine

1.4.1 transmission efficiency

1.4.2 varying load performance

1.4.3 continuous running

1.5 prepare a report on the results of the tests

2 References

The following documents contain provisions, which, through reference in this text, constitute
provisions of this Standard:

PAES 109:2000, Agricultural Machinery – Walking-Type Agricultural Tractor – Specifications –

Part 1: Pull-type

PAES 110:2001, Agricultural Machinery – Walking-Type Agricultural Tractor – Specifications –

Part 2: Rotary-tilling type
3 Definitions

For the purpose of this standard, the definitions given in PAES 109 and PAES 110 and the
following shall apply:

3.1 applicable work range of operations that could be performed by the machine as specified by
the manufacturer

3.2 ground clearance distance between the supporting surface and the lowest point of the tractor

3.3 overall height distance between the horizontal supporting surface and the horizontal plane
touching the uppermost part of the tractor

NOTE All parts of the tractor, in particular, fixed components projecting upwards are contained
between these two planes.
3.4 overall length distance between two vertical planes at right angles to the median plane of the
tractor and touching its front and rear extremities

NOTE All parts of the tractor, in particular, components projecting at the front and at the rear are
contained between these two planes. Where an adjustment of components is possible, it shall be
set at minimum length.

3.5 overall width distance between two vertical planes parallel to the median plane of the tractor,
each plane touching the outer-most point of the tractor on its respective side and with wheels set
for minimum track

NOTE All parts of the tractor, in particular, fixed components projecting laterally are contained
between these two planes.

3.6 slip ratio of the difference between the speed of pulley or belt and wheels or track with load, to
the speed without load
3.6.1 Belt slip of pulley is determined by the following formula: