ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE

GROUP 3
RADIO WAVEs
 DATA
wavelength >1x10^-1

Frequency <3x10^9

Energy <2x10^-24
Speed approximately 186,000
miles
DISCOVERY
- HEINRICHHERTZ PROVED THE
EXISTENCE OF RADIO WAVES IN THE
LATE 1880S. HE USED A SPARK GAP
ATTACHED TO AN INDUCTION COIL AND A
SEPAR ATE SPARK GAP ON A RECEIVING
ANTENNA. WHEN WAVES CREATED BY THE
SPARKS OF THE COIL TRANSMITTER WERE
PICKED UP BY THE RECEIVING
ANTENNA, SPARKS WOULD JUMP ITS GAP
AS WELL. THE MODERN TERM
'RADIOWAVE’ REPLACED THE ORIGINAL
NAME' HETZIAN WAVE' AROUND 1912.
APPLICATION
-VARIOUS FREQUENCIES OF RADIO WAVES ARE USED
FOR TELEVISION AND FM AND AM RADIO
BROADCASTS, MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS, MOBILE
PHONES, HAM RADIO, WIRELESS COMPUTER
NETWORKS, AND NUMEROUS OTHER COMMUNICATIONS
APPLICATIONS.
micro WAVEs
 DATA
wavelength 1 x 10-³ - 1 x 10-¹

Frequency 3 x 10⁹- 3 x 10¹¹

Energy 2 x 10-²⁴- 2 x 10-²²

Speed 11,300 km/h
DISCOVERY
-MICROWAVES WERE FIRST
PREDICTED BY JAMES CLERK
MAXWELL IN 1864.
-BUT LATER DURING 1888 HENRICH
HERTZ PROVE THE EXISTENCE OF
MICROWAVES
BY BUILDING A DEVICE THAT
PRODUCE AND DETECTED MICROWAVE
RADIATION.
APPLICATION
-USED IN SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS, RADAR,
TERRESTRIAL COMMUNICATION, AND BEST KNOWN BY MOST
PEOPLE, COOKING.
-THE DAMAGING EFFECTS OF MW RADIATION ON THE BRAIN
INCLUDE BRAIN DYSFUNCTION AND BRAIN STRUCTURAL
DAMAGE. ALSO, EXPOSURE TO HIGH LEVELS OF
MICROWAVES CAN CAUSE A PAINFUL HARM.
infared WAVEs
 DATA
wavelength 7×10-⁷ – 1×10-³

Frequency 3×10¹¹–4×10¹⁴

Energy 2×10-²²–3×10-19
Speed 299, 792, 458 M PER
SECONDS
DISCOVERY
-AROUND 1800, THE GERMAN-BORN
BRITISH-ASTRONOMER WILLIAM
HERSCHEL DISCOVERED INFRARED
RADIATION. HE DID SO WITH A
SIMPLE EXPERIMENT IN WHICH HE
DISPERSED SUNLIGHT THROUGH A
PRISM AND PLACED A THERMOMETER
AT THE LOCATION OF EACH
COLOUR.
APPLICATION
- IR IS USED BY ELECTRICAL HEATERS, COOKERS FOR
COOKING FOOD, SHORT RANGE COMMUNICATIONS LIKE
REMOTE CONTROL, OPTICAL FIBRES, SECURITY SYSTEMS
AND THERMAL IMAGING CAMERAS WHICH DETECT PEOPLE IN
THE DARK
visible light
 DATA
wavelength 4x10^-7 to 7x10^-7

Frequency 4x10^14 to 7.5x10^14

Energy 3x10^-19 to 5x10^-19

Speed 299,792 KM/S

DISCOVERY
-THE RANGE IN WAVELENGTH IN THE
VISIBLE LIGHT WAS DISCOVERED BY
ISAAC NEWTON IN THE 17TH CENTURY
ALTHOUGH THERE IS FURTHER KNOWLEDGE
THAT IT HAD BEEN DISCOVERED 4
CENTURIES EARLIER IN THE 13TH BY
ROGER BACON. NEWTON TOOK A GLASS
PRISM AND HELD IT UP TO A BEAM OF
SUNLIGHT STREAMING THROUGH THE
WINDOW HE SAW THE SUNLIGHT THAT
PASSED THROUGH THE PRISM SPREAD
OUT INTO THE COLORS OF RAINBOW.
APPLICATION
-VISIBLE LIGHT IS EXTREMELY IMPORTANT TO HUMANS, BECAUSE
WE USE IT TO SEE. WITHOUT LIGHT , OUR EYES WOULD NOT BE
ABLE TO SEE IMAGES OF ANYTHING. ASIDE FROM SIGHT, THERE
ARE OTHER IMPORTANT USES FOR VISIBLE LIGHT . WE
CONCENTRATE VISIBLE LIGHT TO MAKE LASERS TO USE IN
EVERYTHING FROM SURGERY, TO CD PLAYERS TO LASER
POINTERS. VISIBLE LIGHT WAVES ALSO MAKE OUR TV, COMPUTER
AND CELL PHONE SCREENS WORK.
ultra violet
 DATA
wavelength 1x10`⁸-4x10⁷

Frequency 7.5x¹⁴-3x10¹⁶

Energy 5x10`¹⁹-2x10`17

Speed 299,792km/s
DISCOVERY
-ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT WAS DISCOVERED
BY JOHANN WILHELM RITTER IN 1801
WHEN HE NOTICED THAT INVISIBLE
LIGHT BEYOND THE OPTICAL REGION
OF THE ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM
DARKENED SILVER CHLORIDE. HE
SPLIT SUNLIGHT USING A PRISM AND
THEN MEASURED THE RELATIVE
DARKENING OF THE CHEMICAL AS A
FUNCTION OF WAVELENGTH.
APPLICATION
-USED IN INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES AND IN MEDICAL AND DENTAL
PRACTICES FOR A VARIETY OF PURPOSE SUCH AS KILLING
BACTERIA, CREATING FLUORESCENT EFFECTS, PHOTOTHERAPHY
AND SUNTANNING. UV EXPOSURE INCREASES THE RISK OF
POTENTIALLY BLINDING EYE DISEASE. IF EYE PROTECTION IS
NOT USED. OVER EXPOSURE TO UV RADIATION CAN LEAD TO
SERIOUS HEALTH ISSUES, INCLUDING CANCER.
X- ray
 DATA
wavelength 1x10-¹¹-1x10-⁸

Frequency 3x10¹⁶-3x10¹⁹

Energy 2x10-¹⁷-2x10-¹⁴

Speed 300,000,000 M/S

DISCOVERY
-WILHELM ROENTGEN, PROFESSOR OF
PHYSICS IN WURZBURG, BAVARIA,
DISCOVERED X-RAYS IN 1895
ACCIDENTALLY—WHILE TESTING
WHETHER CATHODE RAYS COULD PASS
THROUGH GLASS. HE NAMED THEM X-
RAYS TO UNDERLINE THE FACT THAT
THEIR NATURE WAS UNKNOWN
APPLICATION
-X-RAY MACHINES PASS X-RAY BEAMS (A FORM OF IONIZING
RADIATION) THROUGH A PART OF THE BODY TO PRODUCE IMAGES
OF THE TISSUE, ORGANS, BONES, OR TEETH INSIDE.
GAMM ray
 DATA
wavelength <1×10-¹¹

Frequency >3×10¹⁹

Energy >2×10-¹⁴

Speed 3.0×10⁸
DISCOVERY
-VILLARD DISCOVERED GAMMA RAYS
WHILE HE WAS STUDYING THE
RADIATION COMING FROM RADIUM.
VILLARD LOOKED AT THE RADIATION
THAT ESCAPED THROUGH A NARROW
OPENING IN A SHIELDED CONTAINER.
THE RADIATION THAT ESCAPED
THROUGH THE OPENING SHOWED UP ON
A PHOTOGRAPHIC PLATE.
APPLICATION
-RADIATION THERAPY, OR RADIOTHERAPY, USES HIGH-ENERGY
GAMMA RAYS TO KILL CANCER CELLS AND SHRINK TUMOURS.
GAMMA KNIFE RADIOSURGERY IS A SPECIAL FORM OF
RADIOTHERAPY. IT USES BEAMS OF GAMMA RAYS TO TREAT
INJURED BRAIN TISSUE BY DAMAGING THE DNA OF DANGEROUS
CELLS.