External components affecting

WEC nexus: Land use change

JONATHAN WIJAYA
2021315135
 Contents
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Land use change in WEC

Land use change and water

Land use change and energy

Land use change and carbon

Solutions
Land use change
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Land use:
the term used to describe the human use of
land. It represents the economic and
cultural activities (e.g., agricultural,
residential, industrial, mining, and
recreational uses) that are practiced at a
given place.(epa.gov)

Source: Borrelli et al., Nat. Commun. (2013)

 Land use change
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Why?
Increased population, need
more food, energy, etc.
 Land use change
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Source: Winkler et al., Nat. Commun. (2021)

• 17% of the Earth’s land surface has changed at least once between the six land categories (urban area, cropland, pasture/rangeland, forest, unmanaged grass/shrubland,
non-/sparsely vegetated land) from 1960 to 2019.
• Total area change is 43 millions km2
 Land use change
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(a) forest change, (b) cropland change, (c) pasture/rangeland

change between 1960 and 2019.

Source: Winkler et al., Nat. Commun. (2021)

Land use change in WEC
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Source: Feng et al., Ecol. Indic. (2022)

Land use change and water
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Land use change affecting water cycles.

Urban cover  From grassland to asphalt
cover, increase runoff, decrease infiltration,
etc.

Source: Chapter 8 in IPCC, 2021

Land use change and water
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Source: Kylstra et al., Agric. Sci. 2021

 Land use change and energy
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Simulation of different land

use change scenario
affecting the hydropower
energy generation in the
Amazon.

3rd scenario (C-3) increase

the runoff, reduce
evapotranspiration, which
resulting in higher power
production from the
hydropower plant.

Source: de Oliveira Serrão et al., Sci. Total Environ. 2020

Land use change and energy
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Land use area based on different energy

sources per unit electricity.

Hydropower plant use the most land area to

produce 1 MWh and nuclear powerplant use
the least land area to produce 1 MWh.
Land use change and carbon
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LULCC (Land use and land cover

change).

Land use change could increase

the carbon emissions or carbon
sinks.

Source: Ward et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys. 2014

Land use change and carbon
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CA: Cultivation land

GA: Garden land

FO: Forest land

GR: Grass land

CE: Carbon emission

WA: Water area

TR: Transportation land

IM: Land for Inhabitation,

mining, and
manufacturing

Source: Feng et al., Ecol. Indic. (2022)

Land use change and carbon
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Source: Feng et al., J. Clean. Prod. 2020

 Solutions
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• Deforestation, afforestation, and reforestation.

• Crops and livestocks management.
• Soil carbon sequestration (storing carbon to soil in agriculture sectors using agroforestry
and biochar).
Thank you