https://www.kerboodle.com/api/courses/12919/interactives/51221.

html
 What might the geology of these
places be like?

The Long Man of Wilmington, South Downs

Cuillin Hills, Isle of Skye

Remember these landscapes

from last lesson?
Three types of Rock
Igneous rocks either form from molten rock (magma) at depth (eg granite) or that
reaches the surface as lava (eg basalt).
Sedimentary rocks are formed from sediments carried by rivers to the sea and deposited
in layers called beds. The most common sedimentary rocks are clay, sandstone and
limestone.
Metamorphic rocks are changed by heat and/or pressure, usually when mountains are
formed as tectonic plates collide. Examples include slate, schist, gneiss and marble.

Granite is an igneous Schist is a metamorphic rock

Sandstone is a sedimentary
rock formed at great
rock formed in layers
depth. It is crystalline
deposited in the sea. It is
without any layers.
made of sand grains
cemented together.
formed by heat and pressure in a
mountain chain. New crystals
form due to the increasing heat
and the layers form at right
angles to the colliding plates.
Three types of Rock
Igneous rocks either form from molten rock (magma) at depth (eg granite) or that
reaches the surface as lava (eg basalt).
Isle
Sedimentary rocks are formed from sediments carried by rivers to the sea and of S
deposited in layers called beds. The most common sedimentary rocks are clay, kye
sandstone and limestone.
Metamorphic rocks are changed by heat and/or pressure, usually when mountains are
formed as tectonic plates collide. Examples include slate, schist, gneiss and marble.

Granite is an igneous
Sandstone is a sedimentary
rock formed at great
rock formed in layers
depth. It is crystalline
deposited in the sea. It is
without any layers.
made of sand grains
cemented together.
Sou
th D
Schist is a metamorphic rock ow
ns
formed by heat and pressure in a
mountain chain. New crystals
form due to the increasing heat
and the layers form at right
angles to the colliding plates.
Use the information in the purple
box and the annotations to
complete your table
Explain how the geology of the UK gives
rise to distinctive landscapes (6)
Geology has a strong influence on landscape. The different properties of each rock (hardness,
permeability and structure) give rise to the varied landscapes of the UK. Two rocks commonly found in
different parts of the UK are granite and chalk. For example, granite is found in the Cuillin Hills on the
Isle of Skye in Scotland and chalk in the South Downs of England.
Granite is a hard rock, which resists erosion and forms steep, mountainous landscapes. These have
been carved by glaciers into dramatic corries and glacial troughs. The mountain climate is cold and
wet, and the granite supports thin, acidic soils on which moorland vegetation grows. As the rock is
impermeable, there are many rivers and lakes. This environment supports some forestry, hill sheep
farming and tourism.
By contrast, in lowland areas of the south and east there are softer rocks like chalk and clay. The
landscape is flatter with rolling hills and wide valleys. Periglacial conditions in the past allowed dry
valleys to develop on the chalk. The permeable chalk means that there is now little surface drainage.
The climate is warmer and drier, with deep fertile soils that are good for arable farming and deciduous
woodland. Many settlements occur in the south-east on these younger, sedimentary rocks.