Topic 3.

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Professional Ethics
 CONTENT
1. Determine engineering professionalism
2. Discover the philosophy of ethics and
ethical theory
3. Explore the values and issues in
professional ethics

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 Ethics-What it is!
1. Moral principles that govern a
person's behaviour or the conducting of
an activity.
2. A set of moral principles, especially
ones relating to or affirming a specified
group, field, or form of conduct
Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary - ethic is a system of
accepted beliefs which control behaviour, especially such a system
based on morals.

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 Etika Kelas Online
Semasa Kelas:
1. Digalakkan menggunakan earphone
dengan mikrofon semasa kelas bagi
mengelakkan berlaku gangguan bunyi
luar.
2. Pastikan langganan data anda mencukupi
supaya tidak terputus semasa kelas
berlangsung.
3. Jika kualiti video tidak memuaskan,
tutup/ off tetapan video HD dan buka/on
audio sahaja.
KOMUNIKASI
Selepas Kelas:
1. Guest/member haruslah
memastikan mikrofon dalam
1. Tekan butang ‘Hang up’ setelah selesai mod senyap (klik mute) agar ia
kelas/kelas ditangguhkan. tidak menganggu sesi kelas.
2. Sekiranya ingin menyuarakan
pendapat/bertanya soalan, maka
mikrofon boleh dihidupkan
(klik unmute).
3. Komunikasi di dalam aplikasi
ini adalah secara ‘one by one’
dalam satu-satu masa.
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 Professional-What it is!
1. Relating to or belonging to a profession
2. Engaged in a specified activity as one's main paid occupation
rather than as an amateur
3. Being a professional suggests things such as being qualified
(however defined) and practicing in a definable area, having
expertise based on a deep level of knowledge, and having a
commitment to the area of practice - possibly (but not
necessarily) through being a member of a relevant
professional body

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 Reliability
Humility

Qualities of Etiquette
Neatness
Professional Consideration
People Dedication

Organization
Accountability
Integrity
Expertise
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 Engineering Ethics
Engineering Ethics is the study of decisions, policies and values that are
morally desirable in engineering Practice and research. This covers all the major
topics of Professional and engineering ethics. It covers the ethics and morals an
engineer should follow in his profession.

Ethics revolves around morality; the concept of good and evil. Mostly, the study
of ethics has focused on how to live a good life. Most of our own ethical beliefs
come from the culture or religion that we were brought up in. Ethics can be
varied from place to place and between different individuals. However, when
applied to the engineering industry, ethics can be quite a straight forward
process; it is mainly concerned with honesty and safety. Safety is particularly
important since one small mistake could lead to serious damage or harm

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Why do
Engineers
need to
know about
Ethics

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Why do 1. With knowlegde and skills, engineers have the
Engineers capability to do services to the public.
2. With the capability, engineers have a
need to tremendous responsibility to clients, individuals
and society.
know about 3. Ethics help engineers to guide their decisions to
ensure they act responsibly
Ethics

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Why Ethics is so important in Engineering

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 Ethics VS Etiquette

Cambride Advanced Learner's Dictionary mengatakan bahawa etiquette the set of rules

or customs which control accepted behaviour in particular social groups or social
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situations.
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 How do we learn what etiquette is?
Common Sense

1. If you open, close it.

2. If you turn it on, turn it off.
3. If you move it, put it back.
4. If you borrow it, return it.
5. If you break it, repair it.
6. If you make a mess, clean it up.
7. If it is none of your concern, keep it that way.

“Seseorang yang beretiket tidak semestinya mempunyai etika tetapi orang yang beretika
semestinya memahami keperluan etiket di dalam kehidupan sehariannya”

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 Some Professional Organizations and
Societies with Codes of Ethics
 ABET (Accreditation Board for Engineering and
Technology)
 NSPE (National Society of Professional Engineers)
 IEEE (Institute for Electrical and Electronic
Engineers)
 ASME (American Society of Mechanical
Engineers)
 ASCE (American Society of Civil Engineers)
 ABET Code of Ethics of Engineers
THE FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES

Engineers uphold and advance the integrity, honor and dignity of the
engineering profession by:

I. using their knowledge and skill for the enhancement of human welfare;
II. being honest and impartial, and serving with fidelity the public, their
employers and clients;
III. striving to increase the competence and prestige of the engineering
profession; and
IV. supporting the professional and technical societies of their disciplines.
 ABET Code of Ethics of Engineers
THE FUNDAMENTAL CANONS

1. Engineers shall hold paramount the safety, health and welfare of the public
in the performance of their professional duties.
2. Engineers shall perform services only in the areas of their competence.
3. Engineers shall issue public statements only in an objective and truthful
manner.
4. Engineers shall act in professional matters for each employer or client as
faithful agents or trustees, and shall avoid conflicts of interest.
 ABET Code of Ethics of Engineers
THE FUNDAMENTAL CANONS

5. Engineers shall build their professional reputation on the merit of their services
and shall not compete unfairly with others.
6. Engineers shall act in such a manner as to uphold and enhance the honor,
integrity and dignity of the profession.
7. Engineers shall continue their professional development throughout their
careers and shall provide opportunities for the professional development of those
engineers under their supervision.
 IEEE Code of Ethics
We, the members of the IEEE, in recognition of the importance of our
technologies in affecting the quality of life throughout the world, and in
accepting a personal obligation to our profession, its members and the
communities we serve, do hereby commit ourselves to the highest
ethical and professional conduct and agree:

1. to accept responsibility in making engineering decisions consistent

with the safety, health and welfare of the public, and to disclose
promptly factors that might endanger the public or the environment;
 IEEE Code of Ethics
2. to avoid real or perceived conflicts of interest whenever possible,
and to disclose them to affected parties when they do exist;
3. to be honest and realistic in stating claims or estimates based on
available data;
4. to reject bribery in all its forms;
5. to improve the understanding of technology, its appropriate
application, and potential consequences;
6. to maintain and improve our technical competence and to
undertake technological tasks for others only if qualified by
training or experience, or after full disclosure of pertinent
 IEEE Code of Ethics
7. to seek, accept, and offer honest criticism of technical work, to acknowledge
and correct errors, and to credit properly the contributions of others;
8. to treat fairly all persons regardless of such factors as race, religion, gender,
disability, age, or national origin;
9. to avoid injuring others, their property, reputation, or employment by false or
malicious action;
10. to assist colleagues and co-workers in their professional development and to
support them in following this code of ethics.
 Ethical, Moral and Legal
 Ethical: Conforming to accepted standards of
conduct, usually of an organization or profession.
 Moral: relating to right and wrong; considered
right and good by most people.
 Legal: permitted by law.

Where there is a conflict between an

ethical and legal decision, the ethical
decision should always prevail.
 7 Steps to Ethical Decision Making

1. Recognize the problem

Example: Is there a conflict of interest or are we misrepresenting our
capabilities?

2. Check the facts

Verify information. It may be the problem is more perceived than real.

3. Identify relevant factors

What policy, professional code or law applies? Are there practical
considerations?

4. List the options

 7 Steps to Ethical Decision Making
5. Analyze the options

- Utility: does one option provide more “utility” to people, that is to say more benefit
and less harm?
- Rights: which option(s), if any, violate a person’s rights?
- Reversibility: would an option be good if I were the one adversely affected by it?
- Defensibility: which option(s) could I defend in court, in congress or before my
profession’s ethics committee?
- Publicity: Would any option be perceived as dishonest or unethical if publicized?
 7 Steps to Ethical Decision Making
6. Make a choice
- In some cases there is no clear option. You have to use your best
judgment.

7. Reconsider Policy
- Try to structure your [organization’s] policies and procedures to
avoid this kind of conflict in the future.
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THANK
S!