GROUP 2

RESOURCES,
ENVIRONMENT,
AND ECONOMIC
DEVELOPMENT
PRESENTATION OUTLINE
C. THE FUTURE OF
A. BRIEF HISTORY OF
ECONOMIC GROWTH AND
ECONOMIC GROWTH
THE ENVIRONMENT

B. A SUMMARY OF RECENT D. SUSTAINABLE

GROWTH DEVELOPMENT
 OBJECTIVES
AT THE END OF THE LESSON, THE STUDENTS ARE EXPECTED
TO:
• UNDERSTAND THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN
ECONOMIC GROWTH AND THE ENVIRONMENT
• IDENTIFY THE LIMITS TO ECONOMIC GROWTH
• DISCUSS HOW ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT CAN
BECOME EVIRONMENTALLY SUSTAINABLE
 ECONOMIC GROWTH
-'AN INCREASE IN THE AMOUNT
OF GOODS AND SERVICES
PRODUCED PER HEAD OF THE
POPULATION OVER A PERIOD OF
TIME.'
-EXPORTS AND IMPORTS ARE
IMPORTANT FOR ECONOMIC
GROWTH.
 TOPIC #1
A. A BRIEF HISTORY OF
ECONOMIC GROWTH AND THE
ENVIRONMENT
• Pre-industrial Revolution
• Industrial revolution
• Post-industrial revolution
• The environmental movement
• Sustainable Development
Pre-Industrial
Revolution
'Wealth comes from Land'
(Before 1750)

• 'Period of Scientific and Technological

Industrial
Development'
Revolution • Turning point in the relationship between
(1750-1850) economic growth and environment
THOMAS NEWCOMEN'S
ATMOSPHERIC STEAM
ENGINE

• FIRST STEAM
ENGINE
Post-Industrial
Revolution Rise of Environmental Awareness
(1850-1950)

The
Environmental
Movement Rise of Environmental Movement
(1950-1980)
 Sustainable 'Fulfilling the needs of current
Development generation without compromising
(1980-PResent) the needs of future generations'
 TOPIC NO. 2
B. A SUMMARY OF RECENT GROWTH
• 2018-2023 Global Economic
Growth
• Philippines economy before,
during,, and after covid-19
pandemic
2018
• Tariff implementation or

trade tension between US

and China

Tariff: a tax that the importer has

to pay on the goods they're
importing.
2019
• The global economy increases to 2.9%,

while the global trade increases to 1.0%

• China largest contributor to the global

economy (accounts for 17.7% global GDP)

2020
• GDP fell by 3.4% due to
Covid-19
 2021
'Recovery during a
Pandemic'
• Global Growth of
6.0%
 2022
• Global economy decline from
6.0% to 3.4%
• War between Russia and
Ukraine
• Inflation
 2023
• Global

economy is

expected to

decline from

3.4% to 2.9%
PHILIPPINES ECONOMY BEFORE, DURING, AND AFTER COVID-

19 PANDEMIC
TOPIC #3
C. THE FUTURE OF ECONOMIC GROWTH AND
THE ENVIRONMENT

• The ecosystem services framework

• Effects of Economic growth to the
environment
• Potential scenarios for the future of
economic growth and the
environment
 THE ECOSYSTEM SERVICES
FRAMEWORK (MILLENIUM ECOSYSTEM
ASSESSMENT, 2005)
4 broad categories:

1. Provisioning Services: benefits people can be extracted from nature

2. Regulating Services: benefits provided by ecosystem

3. Cultural Services: non-material people obtain from ecosystem

4. Supporting Services: necessary for the production of all other

ecosystem services
EFFECTS OF ECONOMIC GROWTH TO
THE ENVIRONMENT (6TH EDITION OF
GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL OUTLOOK,
2019)
• Air

Air Pollution Effects on the Economy:

• It Costs Human Lives: kills 6.7 million people every
year
• It Reduces People's Ability to Work
• It Affects Vital Products (like food): affects plants
resource accumulation
• It Damages Cultural and Historical Monuments
Figure 1. Global ranking of risk factors by total deaths from all causes in
2019.
Figure 1.1 Global Carbon Dioxide emissions, 1960-2018
2. biodiversity
:supports human and societal needs especially livelihood
Human impacts on biodiversity:
1. loss and degradation of habitat
2. overexploitation
3. invasive species
4. climate change
5. plastic Pollution in the ocean
6. wildlife trafficking
 Figure 1.2 the rising of
number of endangered
species from 2007 to 2022
3. Ocean
: responsible to more than 90% of trade and
source of jobs for millions of people
Under stress from:
• overexploitation
• pollution
• declining biodiversity and climate
change
4. Land and soil
: Land: primary factor of

production

:as the demand for food

increases, fertilizers, pesticides,

and water irrigation will be

increasingly use
 5. Freshwater
: pollution can make the water unusable for a
particular activity (drinking or fishing)

: many countries are dependent to

groundwater (non-renewable)

: increase population growth=decrease

freshwater availability Figure 1.3 world water withdrawals, actual and

projected, by sector
 Do you think that
economic growth and the
environment will have a
positive relationship in the
future?
 Potential scenarios for the future of
economic growth and the environment:
• Economic growth continues at its
current pace, with little attention paid to
environmental sustainability
• Economic growth may increasingly
decoupled from environmental
degradation
 TOPIC #4
D. SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
• Ways to achieve environmentally sustainable
economic development
• Basic Environmental Management Principles
• factors essential for economic growth
• factors that limits economic growth
• other factors that limits economic growth
 SUSTAINABLE
DEVELOPMENT
: GDP MUST GROW FASTER THAN POPULATION
TO ENSURE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
: IT IS POSSIBLE TO ACHIEVE ECONOMIC
DEVELOPMENT THAT IS ENVIRONMENTALLY
SUSTAINABLE
 Ways to achieve environmentally sustainable economic
development:
• RESOURCE EFFICIENCY
: USING RESOURCES MORE EFFICIENTLY, REDUCING
WASTE, AND RECYCLING MORE
2. SUSTAINABLE ENERGY
: INVESTING ON RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES
3. SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE
: PRACTICE AGROFORESTRY, CONSERVATION
AGRICULTURE, AND ORGANIC FARMING
4. INVESTING IN GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE
: CREATING A HEALTHIER ENVIRONMENT THAT
REDUCES IMPACTS ON THE ENVIRONMENT
5. SUSTAINABLE URBAN DEVELOPMENT
6. SUSTAINABLE CONSUMPTION AND
PRODUCTION
7. ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATION
: ENSURE THAT ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT DOES
NOT COME AT THE COST OF ENVIRONMENTAL
DEGREDATION
basic environmental management principles
1. POLLUTERS PAY PRINCIPLE (PPP)
: POLLUTERS SHOULD PAY TO RIGHT THE
WRONG
2. USERS PAY PRINCIPLE (UPP): INDIVIDUALS
THAT CONSUME THE RESOURCES SHOULD
PAY
3. PRECAUTIONARY PRINCIPLE (PP): 'BETTER
SAFE THAN SORRY'
 4. PRINCIPLE OF EFFECTIVENESS AND
EFFICIENCY (PEE)
: INDIVIDUALS OR CORPORATIONS SHOULD
EFFICIENTLY USE THE RESOURCE
5. INTERGENERATIONAL EQUITY PRINCIPLE
(IEP)
: CENTER OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
DEFINITION
 Factors Essential for Economic Growth
1. NATURAL RESOURCES
: BACKBONE OF A COUNTRY'S ECONOMY
2. INFRASTRUCTURE
: INVESTMENT IN PHYSICAL CAPITAL
(FACTORIES, MACHINERY, AND ROADS)
3. POPULATION
: INCREASES THE AVAILABILITY OF
WORKERS
 4. HUMAN CAPITAL
: IMPROVE THE QUALITY OF THE LABOR
FORCE
5. TECHNOLOGY
: EFFICIENT PRODUCTION OF GOODS AND
SERVICES
 FACTORS THAT LIMITS ECONOMIC GROWTH
(according to the study of Massachusetts Institute of Technology
research team on 1972 entitled ‘The Limits to Growth’)

1. POLLUTION
2. INCREASE POPULATION
3. SCARCITY IN FOOD
4. LIMITED RESOURCES
 OTHER FACTORS THAT LIMITS ECONOMIC
GROWTH:
• POOR HEALTH AND LOW LEVELS OF
EDUCATION
• LACK OF NECESSARY INFRASTRUCTURE
• FLIGHT OF CAPITAL
:SUDDEN AND LARGE-SCALE MOVEMENT OF
CAPITAL AWAY FROM A COUNTRY
• POLITICAL INSTABILITY
• TECHNOLOGICAL LIMITATIONS
THANK YOU FOR
LISTENING!
YEY! MAG QUIZ NA
SAD TA HIHIHIHI