WAVEGUIDE TWISTS

Group members;
Rodney Karanja J12-12084-2017
Ian Sitienei J12-12098-2017
Michael Masanta J12-12130-2017
Alvin Wanangwe J12-12115-2017
Ruth Chesire J12-12
 INTRODUCTION
Usually waveguides are rigid except in a few cases where
they are flexible. The size, shape and dielectric material
used in a waveguide must be constant throughout its length
for energy to move from one end to the other without
reflections. To curb these reflections, bends alongside twists
were built when there is abrupt change in the waveguides
size, shape or direction. The twists are built in such a way
that they specifically allow the waveguide direction to be
altered without unduly destroying field patterns and
introducing losses.
 CONSTRUCTION OF TWISTS
Twists can be achieved in both rectangular and circular waveguides. In
rectangular waveguides, twists are made by filling the interior of a waveguide
with a low melting point material followed by rotation of the waveguide to the
desired angle. After rotation, the low melting point material can be removed.
In circular waveguides, a dimetral septum is placed in the guide and then the
waveguide is rotated to the required angle. To avoid introducing losses, the
rotation of the guide must be along the longitudinal axis in both cases.
Another way of achieving twists is by electro-formation which is the
electrolically depositing the required thickness of the metal on carefully made
matrix.

Twist with length L

 PURPOSE OF THE WAVEGUIDE TWIST
Twists are mainly used to rotate the plane of polarization of the waveguide thus
the polarization of the wave travelling through the waveguide. To achieve this,
the electromagnetic fields in the waveguide is rotated in the order to phase-
match width the load. To avoid the losses due to reflections from the
discontinuities, the length of the twist in the previous slide is an odd multiple of
the quarter waveguide wavelength.

Where n=0,1,2,3….. and ( ) is the wavelength in the waveguide.

If the mean length L is an odd number of quarter wavelengths, the
reflected waves from both ends of the waveguide sections are
completely cancelled out.
 COMPARISON WITH BENDS
Both twists and bends serve the same purpose but twists are mainly used
polarization of the wave travelling through the waveguide while bends mainly
change the direction of wave propagation.