HISTORY OF PERU

Presented By: KOEM PHANNY

Neighboring Counties
1.Ecuador to the north
2.Colombia to the north
3.Chile to the south
4.Brazil to the east
5.Bolivia to the east
6.Pacific Ocean to the west.
Number of provinces/Cities/Regions/capital cities
 Provinces : 180 (including EI Callao)
 Cites : 21
 Regions : 25
 Capital city: Lima
Peruvian history timeline( Before the modern History)
10000–3000 BC
Human settlement, based on marine resources and rudimentary floodplain agriculture, appears on the Peruvian
coast.

Cotton Preceramic Period

3000–1800 BC
First known urban settlement of the Americas established on the coast at Caral. Simple cotton textiles appear.

Initial Period
1800–800 BC
Irrigation agriculture appears on the coast, together with maize cultivation and pottery. Settlements move inland
to control supply of water.

Early Horizon Period

800–300 BC
Chavín culture rises on strategic trans-Andean trade route. Innovations in textiles, metallurgy, and stone carving
appear.

Early Intermediate Period

300 BC–AD 600
Nazca and Moche cultures flourish on the south and north coasts, developing distinctive ceramic styles. The Nazca
lines are drawn on the southern desert and the Moche build huge adobe pyramids. El Niño weather events provoke
collapse of the Moche civilization.
Middle Horizon Period
AD 600–1000
Wari people initiate terrace agriculture in the central highlands, and the Tihuanaco develop intensive raised-field
cultivation on the shores of Lake Titicaca. The Sicán culture thrives in the Lambayeque Valley, producing superb
gold, silver, and copper objects.

Late Intermediate Period

c.1000–1470
Numerous regional cultures emerge; most important are the Chimú, the Chachapoyas, the Ica, the Huanca, and
the Incas. The Chachapoyas people build the huge walled citadel of Kuélap; successive kings of Chimú build the
adobe city of Chan Chan, the capital until the Inca conquest.
The Inca Empire
1438–1533
According to later Inca mytho-history, Pachacutec launches an imperial expansion across a vast swathe of the
Andes. The Incas absorb the crafts and technologies of assimilated peoples, and deploy their own genius for
agricultural engineering, architecture, and large-scale organization.
1527–32
The death of Huayna Capac leaves the empire divided between his sons, Huascar and Atahualpa. Civil war erupts,
and Atahualpa emerges victorious.
The Spanish Conquest
1532
Spanish conquistadors arrive in Tumbes and march to meet Atahualpa at Cajamarca. The Inca emperor is tricked
and captured, and offers a huge ransom in exchange for his life.

1533
The Spaniards execute Atahualpa, then march on Cusco and loot the city’s treasures. Manco, another son of
Huayna Capac, is installed as puppet ruler.

1535
Francisco Pizarro founds Lima, which will later become the seat of the Spanish Viceroyalty.

1536
Manco rebels against the Spanish, but is defeated at Sacsayhuamán. The following year he retreats to
Vilcabamba.
1538
Diego de Almagro, Pizarro’s original partner, leads an opposing faction. Civil war breaks out. Almagro is defeated
and garroted.
1541
Pizarro is assassinated by Almagro supporters.

1544
Manco is murdered by Almagrist allies at Vitcos.

1570s
Viceroy Francisco de Toledo invades Vilcabamba and executes Manco’s son, Tupac Amaru, ending Inca resistance.
Toledo establishes reducciones, the forced resettlement of native populations, formalizes the encomienda system,
whereby Indians provide tribute to their Spanish masters, and co-opts the mita, an Inca taxation-through-labor system.

Early 1600s
A Catholic campaign to stamp out native religions results in many indigenous beliefs and rites being given a Christian
veneer.

1700–13
The War of the Spanish Succession in Europe sees the Habsburg dynasty replaced by the Bourbons, who try to improve
the economy and reduce corruption.
1759
Charles III ascends the throne of Spain and opens up trade in Peru.

1767
The powerful Jesuit Order, influential in securing fairer treatment of natives, is expelled from the New World.

1780
Indigenous rebellion against the Spanish led by José Gabriel Condorcanqui, known as Tupac Amaru II, who is
defeated and executed in 1781.

1784–90
Viceroy Teodoro de Croix institutes reforms, setting up a court to deal with indigenous claims.

1814
An indigenous uprising led by Mateo García Pumacahua captures Arequipa and wins Creole support before being
put down by royalist troops.
1820
After liberating Chile, the Argentinian General José de San Martín invades Peru, helped by the recently formed
Chilean navy under British command.
THANK YOU