Stress and Strain Diagrams

Name :Patil Suraj Balaso

Roll No.: 242

 CONTENT

 Stress and Strain Introduction

 Stress and Strain Curve Relation
 Stress – Strain Curve of Different Materials
 Reference
INTRODUCTION :

Stress: -
Stress is defined as force per unit area within materials that arises from externally applied forces, uneven
heating, or permanent deformation and that permits an accurate description and prediction of elastic, plastic, and
fluid behaviour.
Stress is given by the following formula: σ = F/A
where, σ is the stress applied, F is the force applied and A is the area of the force application.
The unit of stress is N/m2.
Strain: -
Strain is the amount of deformation experienced by the body in the direction of force applied, divided by the
initial dimensions of the body.
Strain is given by, : ε = δl/L
Where ε is the strain due to the stress applied, δl is the change in length and L is the original length of the
material.
Relation Between Stress and Strain:

When we study solids and their mechanical properties, information regarding their elastic properties is
most important. We can learn about the elastic properties of materials by studying the stress-strain
relationships, under different loads, in these materials.
The material’s stress-strain curve gives its stress-strain relationship. In a stress-strain curve, the stress
and its corresponding strain values are plotted. An example of a stress-strain curve is given below.
The relation between stress and strain is that they are directly
proportional to each other up to an elastic limit. Hooke’s law
explains the relationship between stress and strain
Stress – Strain Curve Of Cast iron :

Cast Iron: -

Cast iron and glass are brittle materials, so they do not

produce yield point, they just break when stress exceeds
a certain limit.
Stress – Strain Curve Of Concrete:

Concrete: -

Stress strain curve of concrete is a graphical representation of

concrete behavior under load. It is produced by plotting
concrete compress strain at various interval of concrete
compressive loading (stress).
Stress – Strain Curve Of Copper :

Copper: -

Normal stress-strain curve for copper showing the

yield stress that occurs after the elastic region, the
plastic zone, the tensile strength, and elongation at
rupture. The Young’s modulus for copper is 110
Gpa.
 Stress – Strain Curve Of Aluminium:

Aluminium: -

the initial portion of the stress-strain curve is linear with a

recognizable proportional limit. The proportional limit for
aluminum alloy ranges from 70 to 410 Mpa
Stress – Strain Curve Of Ductile Material:

Ductile Material :
The stress–strain curve for a ductile material can be
approximated using the Ramberg–Osgood equation.
This equation is straightforward to implement, and
only requires the material’s yield strength, ultimate
strength, elastic modulus, and percent elongation.
Stress – Strain Curve of Mild Steel :

Mild Steel: -

When steel is curved, it is important to keep the stress-

strain curve ratio for mild steel in mind. Below is a stress-
strain graph that reviews the properties of steel in detail.
Stress – Strain Curve Of Brittle Material:

Brittle Material :
In a crystal of brittle material the fracture
occurs without appreciable deformation(cannot
be seen through eyes) and is due to
overcoming of the cohesive forces(force
between molecules) on a certain
crystallographic plane. The strength depend
upon the resistance to this separation. There is
no yield point in stress-strain curve of brittle
material.
Reference:

 https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-stress-strain-diagram-for-brittle-materials
 https://testbook.com/
 https://www.sciencedirect.com/
 https://whatispiping.com/
 https://www.ques10.com/p/8868/draw-the-stress-strain-curve-for-ductile-materials/