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Status of Hydropower Energy In

Nepal
Group Members
Raman Shrestha
Rashika Khatiwoda
Ramik Shrestha
Rasmi Rawat
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Table of Content

Description Page Number

Introduction 3
Advantages and Disadvantages of Hydroelectricity 4-5
Uses of Hydroelectricity 6
Impact of Hydropower Electricity 7
Main Challenges for Nepal`s Energy sector 8-10
Status of Hydroelectricity production 11-12
Working Mechanism of Hydropower 13-15

Material and Methods 16-18

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Introduction
Hydroelectric energy is a form of
renewable energy that uses the power of
moving water to generate electricity.
Hydro power electricity is also called
hydroelectric power or hydroelectricity.
Hydro comes from the Greek word
'hydra', meaning water. It is the
electricity produced by the movement of
fresh water from rivers and lakes.
Hydroelectric energy is the most
commonly-used renewable source of
electricity.

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Advantages of Hydropower
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1. It is the cheapest energy source.

2. Hydropower provides benefits beyond electricity generation by providing flood

control, irrigation support, and clean drinking water.

3. Hydropower is affordable.
4. Hydropower provides low cost electricity and durability over time compared to
other sources of energy.
5. It is locally produced.
6. It can be used for irrigation.
7. It is renewable and clean.

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Disadvantages title style
of Hydropower Electricity
1. It causes huge bad impact on fish and various aquatic animals.
2. It displaces people.
3. There are limited reservoirs.
4. There are droughts.
5. It's not always safe.
6. Risks of occurring flood is higher.
7. It can also cause environmental and social threats, such as damaged wildlife
habitat, harmed water quality.

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Uses
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1. It is a continuously renewable electrical energy source.

2. It is non-polluting, i.e., no heat or noxious gases are released.

3. It has no fuel cost and, with low operating and maintenance cost, is
essentially inflation-proof.

4. Hydropower technology is a proven technology that offers reliable and

flexible operation.
5. Hydropower station efficiencies of over 90 percent have been achieved
making it the most efficient of the energy conversion technologies.

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Impact toHydropower
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in
Nepal
1. Nepal's hydroelectric development is very
vulnerable to climate change with significant
economic impacts.
2. In recent years, there have been an increase in
extreme events, like flooding, high sediment
load, landslide-induced dam outburst floods
and a few glacial lake outburst floods.
3. Currently, 96.2% of the installed capacity is
from hydropower, 3.7% from thermal and
0.1% from solar plants.

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Main Challenges for Nepal`s Energy sector
1. Energy Insecurity
 Firstly, Nepal is vulnerable to natural disasters like floods, earthquakes
and landslides.
 Secondly, Nepal’s total reliance on imported fossil fuels and electricity
imports makes it vulnerable to fuel supply disruptions.
 Ensuring a continuous supply of adequate, reliable and affordable
renewable and clean energy uninterrupted by environmental,
geographical, social, political, economic or climatic causes is a major
policy goal for Nepal.

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2. Providing Electricity Access for All
 The government has emphasized rural
electrification mainly from the national grid, with
remote communities outside the reach of the
national electricity grid to be supplied by off-grid
options like micro hydro and solar photovoltaic
systems.
 Even in areas where electricity has reached (both

urban and rural), poor quality of supply and

frequent supply disruptions because of insufficient
investment and operational inefficiency still
plagues the Nepalese electricity sector.

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Challenges Master title
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Development in Nepal
1. Development of Hydropower at an affordable price for different users.
2. Lack of conductive environment for private investment.
3. Providing of electricity to rural areas particularly in hills.
4. Create awareness for community participation to develop, operate and
manage micro – hydropower projects.
5. Lack of strength of the national capabilities and develop expertise.
6. Execute, review and refine bilateral/reasonal treaties concerning water
resources.

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Currenttitle style
Status of Hydroelectricity
According to NEA’s hydropower plants including
small power stations generated the highest recorded
annual energy of 3,259 GWh in FY 2021/22, an
increase by 16.23 % over the generation of 2,804 GWh
in FY 2020/21.
The total energy imported from India was 1,543 GWh
in FY 2021/22 as compared to 2,806 GWh in FY
2020/21, a decrease by 45.01%. The total available
energy in the system increased by 25% to 11,064 GWh
in FY 2021/22 over the corresponding figure of 8,851
GWh in FY 2020/21.

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Status style
of Hydroelectricity in India

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Working Mechanism of Hydropower

A conventional dam holds water in a

man-made lake, or reservoir, behind
it. When water is released through the
dam, it spins a turbine connected to a
generator that produces electricity. The
water returns to the river on the
downstream side of the dam.

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Kulekhani Hydropower Generating Electricity at Full Capacity

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Gandagi style Project

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Material title style
and Methods for Generating Hydroelectricity

Materials required
The major components of a hydroelectric plant are a river, dam, turbine, generator, and
power cables. All the components work together to generate electricity. A river that
typically has a large drop in elevation at some point is ideal for a hydroelectric plant.
This is because it is easier for water to flow from high to low elevation. This river is
dammed to control the rate of flow from the reservoir (located at the high point of the
dam) and the river (located at the bottom of the dam).

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Methods Master titleHydroelectricity
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IMPOUNDMENT
• The most common type of hydroelectric
power plant is an impoundment facility. An
impoundment facility, typically a large
hydropower system, uses a dam to store
river water in a reservoir. Water released
from the reservoir flows through a turbine,
spinning it, which in turn activates a
generator to produce electricity.

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DIVERSION
A diversion, sometimes called a “run-
of-river” facility, channels a portion of a
river through a canal and/or a penstock
to utilize the natural decline of the river
bed elevation to produce energy. A
penstock is a closed conduit that
channels the flow of water to turbines
with water flow regulated by gates,
valves, and turbines. A diversion may
not require the use of a dam.

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Thank You

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