EXPERT SYSTEMS

What is Expert System ?

 An expert system is a computer program that uses artificial intelligence (

AI) technologies to simulate the judgment and behavior of a human or an
organization that has expert knowledge and experience in a particular
field.
 An expert system is a computer-based decision-making system. It is
designed to solve complex problems. To do so, it applies knowledge and
logical reasoning and adheres to certain rules. An expert system is one of
the first successful forms of artificial intelligence.
Subsystem of ES

 An expert system is divided into two subsystems: the Inference engine

 and the knowledge base.
 The knowledge base is the information center. It contains all the
information about problem domains. It is like a large repository of
information collected from various experts. The knowledge base
represents facts and rules.
 The inference engine is the central processing unit of the expert system.
An inference engine works on rules and regulations to solve complex
problems. It uses information from the knowledge base.
Characteristics of ES

 High performance-The first and foremost characteristic of an expert system

is to deliver high performance 24×7.
 Reaction Time: An expert system in artificial intelligence has a very low
reaction time. It takes less time than a human expert to solve the same
complex problem.
 Reliable: An expert system in artificial intelligence is reliable and error-free.
 Flexible: An expert system in artificial intelligence is flexible to tackle different
problems.
 Effective: An expert system in artificial intelligence has a robust mechanism
to resolve complex problems and later administer them. 
 Capable: An expert system in artificial intelligence can handle complex
problems and deliver solutions on time.
Components
 Knowledge base – a set of rules as representation of the expertise, mostly in IF
THEN statements.
 Working storage – the data which is specific to a problem being solved.
 Inference engine – the code at the core of the system which derives
recommendations from the knowledge base and problem-specific data in working
storage.
 User interface – the code that controls the dialog between the user and the system.
 Domain expert – the individual or individuals whose expertises are solving the
problems the system is intended to solve;
 Knowledge engineer – the individual who encodes the expert’s knowledge in a form
that can be used by the expert system;
 User – the individual who will be consulting with the system to get advice which
would have been provided by the expert.
Capabilities

 Advising: It is capable of advising the human being for the query of any
domain from the particular ES.
 Provide decision-making capabilities: It provides the capability of
decision making in any domain, such as for making any financial decision,
decisions in medical science, etc.
 Explaining a problem: It is also capable of providing a detailed description
of an input problem.
 Interpreting the input: It is capable of interpreting the input given by the
user.
 Diagnosis: An ES designed for the medical field is capable of diagnosing a
disease without using multiple components as it already contains various
inbuilt medical tools.
Advantages of ES

 Improves decision-making quality.

 Cost-effective, as it trims down the expense of consulting human experts
when solving a problem.
 Provides fast and robust solutions to complex problems in a specific domain.
 It gathers scarce knowledge and uses it efficiently.
 Offers consistency when providing answers for repetitive issues.
 Maintains a good amount of information.
 Provides fast and accurate answers. 
 Provides a proper explanation for decision making.
Dis-advantages of ES

 The response of the expert system may get wrong if the knowledge base contains
the wrong information.
 Like a human being, it cannot produce a creative output for different scenarios.
 Its maintenance and development costs are very high.
 Knowledge acquisition for designing is much difficult.
 For each domain, we require a specific ES, which is one of the big limitations.
 It cannot learn from itself and hence requires manual updates.
THANK YOU