Dr.

Hendro Rijanto Motor Protection

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© PTMV - Page 1
 Motor Protection

Basic:
- Adiabatic Heating (short time operation):
Thermal overload during the start phase
- Heating with thermal loss (long time operation):
Thermal overload during normal operation
- Cooling down
After the overload condition disappeared
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- in rotation (I > 10% In)

- in standstill (I < 10% In)

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 Motor Protection

During starting (short time) phase:

Number of start protection:

During the starting phase the magnitude of the current flowing
through the stator and rotor winding can be very high, up to 8 In.
Consequently the number of starts must be limited by supervising
the thermal condition. According to the operation guidelines:
 3 starts in cold motor condition
 2 starts in warm motor condition
© PTMV - Page 3, 10.01, Ri

Definition: Warm condition is equal to the filling status of the

thermal storage (capacity), e.g. the thermal capacity
is loaded more than 60%.
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 Motor Protection

During starting (short time) phase:

Blocked rotor protection:

A blocking rotor is from electrical point of view a short circuited
transformer.
The motor must be switched off again, if no decaying of the motor
start current is observed. The blocked rotor protection can be carried
out normally by an overcurrent definite time protection (51).
If the time duration of the starting phase, due to heavy load condition,
exceeding the allowed blocked rotor time, it is recommended to
supervised the rotor revolutions by an external device, which can be
© PTMV - Page 4, 10.01, Ri

used to blocked the “blocked rotor protection”

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 Motor Protection

During starting (short time) phase:

Motor start protection:

If heavy load condition during the starting phase must be taken into
account, the adiabatic heating of the motor must be supervised to
protect against overheated condition.
Because during the starting phase the current magnitude is more
then the nominal motor current, the adiabatic heating can be
calculated approximately as following:
I² t = Constant,
whereby:
© PTMV - Page 5, 10.01, Ri

I Current of the Motor

t Allowed time duration for the adiabatic heating

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 Motor Protection

During normal (long time) operation:

Thermal stability class

Thermal stability class Y A E B F H C

Continuous temperature (°C) 90 105 120 130 155 180 >180
© PTMV - Page 6, 10.01, Ri

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 Motor Protection
Thermal replica:
Electrical
(Thermal-)
diagram
Energy
(Thermal-)
Storage
(Thermal-)
Loss

Analogy:
Energy stream  Current
Loss  Resistance (no need in case of
adiabatic heating)
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Storage (capacity)  Capacitance

Temperature  Voltage

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 Motor Protection

Case study by means of electrical replica:

Input current increases from pre load current Ip to load current I:
Electrical voltage :
u(t )  I R (1  e t  )  Ip R e t 

Thermal replica:
pre load current  Temperature due to pre load condition
Load current  Temperature due to load operation

Temperatur e :
© PTMV - Page 8, 10.01, Ri

 (t )   (I ) (1  e t  )   (Ip ) e t 
 (I )   (Ip )
t   ln
 (I )   (t )

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 Motor Protection
Temperature   Thermal energy  I ² 
Characteristic according IEC 255:
Ip pre load current
2
I  Ip2
t   ln 2 2
IB Basic current (motor nominal current)
I  (k IB )
k Factor for the start current

Characteristic in REF542plus:
I Operating current

 I 
2
p  u Imn Motor nominal current
  
I Mn  u u Environment temperature
t   ln  Mn  2
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 I    u p Start temperature ( pre load )

   t
 IMn  Mn  u Mn Motor nominal temperature
t Warn respectively trip temperature

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 Motor Protection
Temperature   Thermal energy  I ² 
Characteristic according IEC 255:
Ip pre load current
2 2
 I   Ip  IB Basic current (motor nominal
    
 IB   I B  current)
t   ln 2
I k Factor for the preload current
   (k )2
 IB 
Characteristic in REF542plus I Operating current
Imn Motor nominal current
2
 I    u
   p u Environment temperature
© PTMV - Page 10, 10.01, Ri

I Mn  u
t   ln  Mn  2 p Start temperature ( pre load )
 I    u
   t Mn Motor nominal temperature
 IMn  Mn  u
t Warn respectively trip temperature
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 Motor Protection

With both equations the setting factor k can

be derived as following:

t  u
k
Mn  u
© PTMV - Page 11, 10.01, Ri

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 Motor Protection

Motordata: (as example)

IMn 91 A (Motor nominal current on the primary side)

Ie/IMn 7,9 (Ratio of starting current to motor nominal current)

te (warm) 8 s (allowed blocking time in warm condition,

Cold condition can be generally multiplied by 1,25 (80%
capacity) to 1,67 (60% capacity)

Thermal Class B

CT 150 A /1 A
© PTMV - Page 12, 10.01, Ri

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 Motor Protection

Setting Time Constant:

t e (cold)
 
(I A I Mn ) 2
ln
(I A I Mn ) 2  k 2
© PTMV - Page 13, 10.01, Ri

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 Motor Protection

Exercise:

Rated motor current IMn 91A

Thermal class B

Blocking current IE 7.9

Blocking time (cold) tE 8sec

Current transformer rated current 100A/1A

© PTMV - Page 14, 10.01, Ri

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 Motor Protection

Further protection in motor protection:

 Unbalanced load protection
 Differential protection
 Stator earth fault protection
 Under-/overvoltage protection

The same function can also be used for

© PTMV - Page 15, 10.01, Ri

Generator Protection

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Motor Protection

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