Chapter 8:

Shapes
and
symmetry

By: Eng./Teacher
Wael Shnoudi
 8.1
Quadrilaterals
and polygons
 Objectives 04
Identify and
describe the
Know the 03 hierarchy of
quadrilaterals.
different types
of polygons

Identify the
symmetry of
02
Identify Rotational
regular polygons Symmetry of
polygons

01
 • A line that can be drawn through a shape
Lines of so that what can be see on either side is a
Symmetry mirror image.
• It is sometimes called a Mirror Line
These shapes have one
line of symmetry
These shapes
have two
lines of
symmetry
 Some shapes have more than 2 lines of
symmetry

Square Equilateral Triangle Circle

 Rotational Symmetry

A square has a rotational symmetry of order 4

Rotational
Symmetry
• Rotational Symmetry is how
many times a shape can be
rotated and fit within itself
• Rotational Symmetry is how
many times a shape can be
rotated and look the same
Equilateral Triangle
An equilateral
triangle has a
rotational symmetry
of order 3
 What is the rotational
symmetry of this shape?

It has to be rotated one complete turn before it

fits into itself
Order 1
Shapes and Symmetry
Refer to book
 Polygons
Definition: A closed figure formed by a finite number of coplanar
segments so that each segment intersects exactly two
others, but only at their endpoints.

These figures are not polygons These figures are polygons

 Classifications of a Polygon

Regular: A polygon in which all angles are congruent and all

sides are congruent

That’s an equiangular equilateral polygon.

Irregular: A polygon that is not regular

What is a Quadrilateral?

• A quadrilateral is a
two-dimensional
fi gure with four sides
and four angles.
• The word part
“quad” means 4 and
“lateral” means
sides.
Quadrilaterals
in the real
world
Types of
Quadrilaterals
Square

Rectangle

Trapezoid

Rhombus

Paralellogram
A SQUARE
• A square is a
quadrilateral with 4
equal sides and 4
right angles.
A RECTANGLE
• A rectangle is a
quadrilateral with 4
right angles.
• Its opposite sides
are equal and
parallel.
 Rectangle?
Is a square a rectangle?
REMEMBER:
• A rectangle is a quadrilateral with 4 right
angles. Its opposite sides are equal and
parallel.
• A square is a quadrilateral with 4 equal sides
and 4 right angles.
 REMEMBER:
Is a rectangle • A rectangle is a quadrilateral with 4 right angles.

a square? Its opposite sides are equal and parallel.

• A square is a quadrilateral with 4 equal sides and
4 right angles.

Square?
 • A square can also be called a
Determination….. rectangle because it has four
right angles and its opposite
sides are equal and parallel.

A rectangle is NOT a square because it

does not have equal sides.
A TRAPEZOID
◦ Rem
ember
lines t , pa
• A trapezoid is a hat wi rallel lines a
They a ll n re
quadrilateral that has re equ ever touch.
at all p a l di s t
oints. ance a
exactly 1 pair of parallel part
sides.
IS THIS A TRAPEZOID?
◦ Yes, it has one set of parallel sides.
 • A rhombus is a quadrilateral that has 4
A RHOMBUS equal sides. Its opposite sides are
parallel.
 • A parallelogram is a quadrilateral
that has opposite sides that are
A PARALLELOGRAM equal and parallel.

• Which of the quadrilaterals we have

seen are parallelograms?
What conclusions can we draw from the
Quadrilaterals
graphic? Have 4 sides and 4 angles

Parallelogram Trapezoid
Has opposite sides that Has 1 pair of
are equal and parallel. parallel sides.

Rectangle Rhombus
Has 4 right angles. Has 4 equal sides.
Opposite sides are Opposite sides
equal and parallel. are parallel.

Square
Has 4 equal sides and
4 right angles.
A square can also be called a rhombus, a
Quadrilaterals
Have 4 sides and 4 angles
rectangle, a parallelogram,
and a quadrilateral.

A rectangle can also be called a parallelogram

and a quadrilateral. Parallelogram Trapezoid
Has opposite sides that Has 1 pair of
are equal and parallel. parallel sides.

A rhombus can also be called a parallelogram

and a quadrilateral.

A parallelogram can also be called a Rectangle Rhombus

quadrilateral. Has 4 right angles. Has 4 equal sides.
Opposite sides are Opposite sides
equal and parallel. are parallel.

A trapezoid is a
quadrilateral.

Square
Has 4 equal sides and
4 right angles.
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HW Workbook p.96-97
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HW Workbook p.100-101
ANY
QUESTIONS?