CHAPTER viii:

Communication for
Academic Purposes
 “The study of truth requires a considerable effort –
which is why few are willing to take it out of love of
knowledge – despite the fact that God has implanted
a natural appetite for knowledge in the minds of
men.”
— ST. Thomas Aquinas
 Learning outcomes

3. Convey ideas through

1. Write and present 2. Adapt awareness of oral, audio-visual, and
academic papers using the audience and web-based presentations
academic tones, style, context in presenting for different target
audiences in local and
conventions, and ideas
global audiences using
reference style. appropriate registers
Academic research
The term “research” is defined as the
scientific investigation of phenomena
which includes, the presentation,
analysis, and interpretation of facts that
link an individual’s speculation with
reality – Paler-Carmorin, et. al., 2015)
1. Scientific Investigation
of Phenomena
2. Interpretation of Facts
3. Links and individual’s
speculation with reality. Nature of
research
 1. Scientific Investigation of Phenomena

It is very important to follow a procedure in conducting

research. You will find that a research is very difficult if
you do it your way taking into considerations the
research procedures. A procedure serves as a step by
step process that will help you complete your research
successfully.
 2. Interpretation of Facts

The interpretation of facts is done after applying a

particular research method suited to the research.
When all the data have been gathered and a
particular research method has been applied,
analysis and interpretation of data follow.
 3. Links an individual’s speculation with reality

Often, people tend to hypothesize without prior

investigation. This is dangerous especially when
you are to make an important decision. Research,
on the other hand, cannot exist without
investigation. In fact, research is synonymous with
 Characteristics of a Good Research
1. The title must be clearly stated and the words used in the title must
be defined well.
2. It must not be biased, but rather, must be objective, especially in
analysis, conclusion, and recommendation
3. The dependent and the independent variables must be clearly
stated.
4. It must be interesting and timely.
5. The findings must be backed up by ample data and shreds of
evidence.
6. The statement of the problem must be clearly stated.
 01.1. HISTORICAL
HISTORICAL RESEARCH
RESEARCH
This
This involves
involves studying,
studying, understanding
understanding and andexplaining
explainingpast
past
events.
events. ItIt isisenvisioned
envisionedtotoassess
assesspastpastmeaning
meaningandand
thethe
message
message of of the
the past
past happenings
happenings or oroccurrences
occurrencesthatthatmay
may
f help
help to
f to explain
explain present
present events
eventsand
andanticipate
anticipatefuture
futureones.
ones.
In
In order
order that
that historical
historical research
research will
willnot
notdegenerate
degenerateinto
intoaa
‘treasure
‘treasure hunt’,
hunt’,data
datagathering
gatheringshould
should be guided by a by a
be guided
hypothesis
hypothesis (Good (Good &&Fonellera,
Fonellera,1993;
1993; in in
Magsajo-Sarno,
Magsajo-Sarno,
2012).
2012).
02. DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH
It describes what it is. it involves description,
recording, analysis, and interpretation of the
present nature, composition or processes of
phenomena. The focus is on prevailing conditions,
or how a person, group or thing behaves or
functions in the present. It often involve some time
of comparison or contrast (Calderon & Gonzales,
1993;Magsajo-Sarno, 2012).
03. EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH
It is a method or procedure involving the
control or manipulations of conditions for the
purpose of studying the relatives effects of
varios treatments applied to the members of
sample, or of the same treatment applied to
members of different samples (Calderon &
Gonzales, 1993; Magsajo-Sarno, 2012).
04. BUSINESS RESEARCH
Business research is a field of practical study in which obtains
data and analyze it in order to better manage the company.
Business reasearch can include financial data, consumer
feedback, product research and competitive analysis. Executives
and managers who use business research methods are able to
better understand their company, the position in the market and
how to improve that position (Leonard, in
http://smalbusiness.chron.com/business-research-html).
HOW TO CHOOSE YOUR
RESEARCH
TOPIC
1. Identify the first type of research that you would like
to work on

2. When you have chosen the type of research, select

the topic that interests you. Going to the library or
searching the net might help you do this.

3. Find a topic that you already have a background

about. this is for your own advantage.
4. Always remember that it is very important for the topic to
be specific. At this point, you may consult your
teacher/adviser to narrow down your chosen topic.

5. Make sure that your research topic is well crafted. For this
purpose, you may consult your teacher/adviser

6. Develop the competencies and the discipline that you need

to be able to start and finish you research on time.
RESEARCH PROPOSAL
TITLE PAGE
I. INTRODUCTION
II.PROBLEM STATEMENT
III.OBJVECTIVES
IV.PRELIMINARY LITERATURE
REVIEW
V. METHODOLOGY
VI.LIST OF REFERENCES
INTRODUCTION
Background or introduction section provides the
description of the basic facts and importance of the
research area. this answer the following questions.
what is your research area, the motivation of research,
mand how important is it for the industry practice
knowledge advancement?
PROBLEM STATEMENT
Provides a clear and coencise description of the
issues that need adressed to be adressed. This
adressed the questions: What is the specific
problem in that research area that you will
adress (e.g. lack of understanding of a subject
OBJECTIVES
Provides a list of goals that will be achieved throught
the proposed research. Stated differently: What are the
benefits/impact (e.g. Better understanding, improved
productivity...) that will be generated if the research
problem is researched.
PRELIMINARY LITERATURE REVIEW

Literature review provides a summary of previous related

researches on their research problem, their strenghts and
weaknesses, and a justification of your research. This
answers the following questions: What is known, what have
been done by others, and why your research is still
necessary?
Documentation of all informations taken from various
sources using APA style in citation is must in this part.
METHODOLOGY
Research methodology defines the research method
and logic steps. this answers the following questions.
What to do and how to solve the problems and
achieve proposed objectives? Which research
methods (e.g. survey, modeling, case study....) will be
used?
LIST OF REFERENCES
All factual material that us not original
with you must be accompanied by a
referrence to its . The APA style for
referrence ad citation is
recommendation
 thank you!
“We learn from failure, not from
success!”― Bram Stoker.