ENERGY CHANGES IN A

CHEMICAL REACTION
Learning Targets:

Explain the energy changes during chemical

reactions.

Distinguish between exothermic and endothermic

processes.

Explain the first law of thermodynamics.

Heat is energy in motion, that
flows from one system to another
due to differences in temperature.
The study of heat exchanges that
accompany chemical reaction is
called thermochemistry which
itself is a branch of
thermodynamics.
 SYSTEM

Specific part of the universe that is analytical

interest to us.

UNIVERSE
Consists of system
and surrounding
SURROUNDING

The rest of the universe outside the system.

 3 General Types Of Thermodynamics Systems

Isolated

Open system closed system isolated system

Exothermic Reaction (Process) Endothermic Reaction (Process)
Since energy cannot be created nor destroyed, this means that the
mere transfer of energy from the system to the surrounding does
not change the total energy of the universe. A system gains the
same amount of energy the surrounding lose to it, and while the
system loses the same amount of energy that its surrounding gains.
This relationship can be mathematically expressed as :

Where :
– change in energy experienced by the system
– change in energy experienced by the system
 First Law Of Thermodynamics

States that the changes in internal energy(of a system

is equal to the sum of heat (Q) transferred and
work(W) done on the system by the surroundings . It
can be expressed as :
Thermodynamics quantities like ( always consist of two parts: a
number that gives the magnitude of the change, and a sign that
indicates the direction of energy flow. The sign convection for Q,
W and are as follows:

Quantity (+, or > 0) (- or <0)

Q The system gains heat The system loses heat
W Work was done on the system Work was done by the
system
Energy of the system increased Energy of the system
decreased
Sample problem:

Calculate ( for a system undergoing an

endothermic process in which 742 J of heat
flows into the system and where 383 J of
work is done on the system. Did it gain or
lose energy?
 Activity
1. In a certain reaction, a system loses 2,568 J of heat to the
surrounding and the surroundings do 960 J of work on the
system. Calculate the change in internal energy of the system,
did the surroundings lose or gain energy?
2. A system receives 826 J of heat and delivers 455 J of work to its
surroundings. Determine the change in the internal energy of the
system.
3. Calculate the change in energy of gas given that the work done
to compress the gas is 95 J and 38 J of heat is given off to the
surroundings.