UNIVERSAL HUMAN VALUES &

PROFESSIONAL ETHICS
Meaning of human values
Value means importance and education means
knowledge, therefore value education means
knowledge of importance. In other words when we get
the knowledge of importance of anything, importance
of human being, importance of us as human being,
then we have value education.

Value education deals with what is universally

valuable to us, what is conductive to our individual
and collective happiness and prosperity in a
sustainable way.

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The Role of Value Education
Value education plays a very important role in creating
a better society, more ethical organizations and groups,
and better human beings. Let us take a look at how it
does this:
1- Value education can help to build human beings who
possess strength, integrity, and fortitude.
2- Value education builds the values of cooperation and
peace as well as tolerance.
3- Efficiency can step up if a person possesses the right
values. This may include punctuality, keeping one’s
word, professionalism, lack of bias or prejudice, etc.

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4- Creating cordial relationships between people by
encouraging the values of respect, love, and affection.
5- Promoting personality development and social
cohesion.
6- Regeneration values of national pride and integration
towards nation-building.
7- Building character in the young people who will lead
the country in the future.
8- Promoting harmony between nations and creating a
peaceful world order

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9- Identifying the core universal values
of:
Truth (Satya)

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Righteous Conduct (Dharma)
Truth in action is right conduct

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 Peace (Shanti)
Control the mind

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 Love (Prema)
Unconditional and unselfish care

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 Non- Violence
understanding with love.

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“ Thinking with Love is Truth, feeling with Love is
Peace, acting with Love is right conduct,
understanding with love is non- violence.”
understanding the need,

Need for Value Education:

• All the human beings continuously aspire for a happy life, a

fulfilling and successful life, and the purpose of education is to
provide adequate competence to actualize this aspiration.
• For this, first of all it is essential to understand- what is really
VALUABLE for human being, and, what is really conducive to
a happy and fulfilling life? - this is the Value Domain
Then it is essential to know – How to actualize it? How to make
it happen? – this is domain of Skills
The subject which enables us to understand ‘What is
valuable’ for human happiness is called ‘VALUE
EDUCATION’.
Thus, Value Education enables us to understand our
needs and visualize our goals correctly and also
indicate the direction of their fulfillment.
The value of any unit in this existence is its participation
in the larger order of which it is a part e.g. value of a
pen is that it can write. Here writing is the participation
of the pen in the bigger order in which pen, paper,
human being, all are present.
Let us look at different aspect to appreciate the need for
value education
Correct identification of our aspiration
Understanding universal human values to fulfill our
aspiration in continuity
Complimentary of values and skills
Evaluation of our belief.
Basic Guidelines for Value Education
• Universal – applicable to all human beings
• Rational – not based on blind belief
• Natural and Verifiable
• All Encompassing – aimed at transforming our
consciousness and living. It cover all dimensions of
our living – thought, behavior, work, and
understanding as well as all levels – individual, family,
society and nature.
• Leading to Harmony
Self Exploration
Self-exploration is the process to find out what is
valuable to me by investigating within myself, what is
right for me, true for me, has to be judged within
myself. Through self-exploration, we get the value of
ourselves.
The value of any entity is its participation in the larger
order. In the case of human beings, to understand what
is valuable, we need to study ourselves and the “larger
order” around us, which is everything around us.

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We live with this entirety (family, friends, air, soil,
water, trees, etc.) and we want to understand our
relationship with all these. For this, I need to start
observing inside. What we are doing is we are
observing outside, but not inside (“what I feel when I
saw this”).

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The Process of Value Education
The process of Value Education has to be that of Self
Exploration, and not of giving sermons or telling dose and
don’ts. What ever is found as truth or reality may be stated
as proposal and has to be verified at the own right.
 It is process of dialogue between ‘ What you are’ and ‘
What you really want to be’.
 It is a process of knowing oneself and through that
knowing entire existence.
 It is a process of recognizing one’s relation with every unit
in existence and fulfilling it.
This process of self exploration helps you be in harmony
within yourself and in harmony with everything around.
Content of Self Exploration
1-) The Desire/Goal: What is my (human) Desire/Goal?
2-) Program: What is my (human) program for fulfilling the
desire?
The main focus of self-exploration is myself- the human being.
Basically, it should dwell on the following two key questions:
1-) What do I really want in life, or what is the goal of human
life?
2-) How to fulfil it? What is the program to actualize the above?
In short, the above two questions cover the whole domain of
human aspirations and human endeavor. Thus, they form the
content of self- exploration

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Process of Self Exploration
Whatever is being presented is a PROPOSAL.
Don’t assume it to be true immediately, nor reject it
without proper exploration.
Verify it in your own right, on the basis of it being
naturally acceptable to you,
Not just on the basis of scriptures
Not on the basis of equipment/instrument data
Not on the basis of the assertion by other human beings.
Therefore, it is essential to carefully ponder over these on
your own right. Neither accept these as true immediately
nor reject them prematurely without proper exploration.

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Don’t just accept / reject these only on the basis of the
following:
Because something like this/ different from this, has
been mentioned in scriptures, Or, because it has been
preached/ denied by some great men, Or, a large number
of people possess such a view / a different view, Or it is
claimed to have been verified through some physical
instrument or, claimed that this is beyond the domain of
verifiability by physical instruments.
Live accordingly to validate it experientially

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Then what to do ?
Verify on the basis of your natural acceptance
Live accordingly to validate it experientially
If the proposal is true in behavior with human leads to
mutual happiness
If the proposal is true in work with rest of the
nature leads to mutual prosperity
Results in realization and understanding
On having realization and understanding we get

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Assurance
Satisfaction
Universality (Applies to all time space and individual)
Remember, it is a process of self-exploration, therefore,
it has to be authenticated by us alone by means of
verification at the level of natural acceptance and
experiential validation. The process is shown in the
diagram below:

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 Process of Self Exploration
-It is a proposal
. Don’t assume it to be true
. Verify it at your own right
- Not on the basis of scriptures
- Not on the basis of reading from instrument
- Not on the basis of others
Verify on the
- Self verification
Proposal Live according to
Basis of your
Natural
Acceptance behaviour work with rest
with human of the nature
leads to mutual leads to
Realization happiness mutual
prosperity
Understanding
Human Values Vs Moral Values
• Moral values regard matters of right and wrong whereas
Human values help a person to distinguish between right
and wrong.
• Moral values are constant and unchanging whereas
Human values change from person to person and from
time to time.
• Moral values are for self development and self discipline
whereas Human values is about how we treat others in
society.
• Moral values can be taught whereas Human values are
inherited values and are intact in all of us.
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Basic Human Aspirations – Continuous
Happiness and Prosperity
Every human being is continuously trying to do things
to make him/ her happy and every human being is
capable of feeling this happiness in himself/ herself
spontaneously. In addition to happiness, we aspire for
adequate fulfilment of our bodily needs. Nobody wants
to be deprived even for a single moment.

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Happiness
The state or situation in which I live if there is
harmony/ synergy in it, then I like to be in that state
or situation. i.e. to be in the state of liking is
happiness.

Philosophers and religious thinkers often define

happiness in terms of living a good life; or flourishing,
rather than simply as an emotion.

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Unhappiness
On the other hand, when we experience feelings such
as failure, disrespect, lack of confidence, being
doubtful in ourselves or about others, we feel unhappy
as they are states of conflict. These are the states when
there is a lack of harmony, either within and want to
try and change them – we can call this unhappiness.
We can thus state unhappiness as:
The state/situation in which I live, if there is
conflict/contradiction in it, then I do not like to be in
that state or situation. i.e. to be in the state of
disliking is unhappiness.
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Prosperity
Prosperity is the feeling of having or making available
more than required physical facilities.

To ascertain prosperity, two things are essential:

Correct assessment of the need for physical facilities, and
The competence of making available more than required
physical facilities (through production).
Almost all of us feel that wealth alone means prosperity
and try to explain this phenomenon on this non-existent
or half fact. This is the state of enlightenment towards a
better life and a happy society.

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Difference between Prosperity and
Wealth
Wealth is a physical thing. It means having money or
having a lot of physical facilities or both. Prosperity is
a feeling of having more than required physical
facilities.

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Basic Human Aspirations
We desire for many things in this world, say materialistic
needs, respect, recognition, love, trust etc, but in the form
of all these we aspire for true and continuous happiness
and prosperity.
Happiness: “ To be in a state of liking is happiness.” “ To be
in a state of harmony is happiness.”
Prosperity: Feeling of having more than required physical
facility.
For prosperity two things are required –
1. Identification of the quantity required for physical needs &
2. Ensuring availability / production
List Of Wants
A big car Take care of my parent
Happiness A good laptop
A great House Not get angry
Lot of Money Knowledge
Respect Become a politician
Good friends Have a great food
A nice music system Get good marks
Peace of mind A good guitar
Do social work Understanding the purpose of life
Satisfaction Be healthy
Be loved Protect nature
Basic requirement for fulfillment of human
aspiration
Is needed in myself. I need to
1. Right study myself, the human
being, & the entire existence
Understanding of which I am a part

2. Relationship 3. Physical Facility

Mutual Happiness Mutual Prosperity

We are in relation ship with The things we use, come from

people, other human being what we call as nature
The basic requirements for fulfilling the aspirations of
every human being are:
⇒ Right Understanding: This refers to higher-order
human skills – the need to learn and utilize our
intelligence most effectively.
⇒ Good Relationships: This refers to the interpersonal
relationships that a person builds in his or her life – at
home, at the workplace and in society.
⇒ Physical Facilities: This includes the physiological
needs of individuals and indicates the necessities as well
as the comforts of life.
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We can verify this by a set of
proposals.
“Physical facilities are necessary for human beings.”
“Physical facilities are necessary for human beings and
they are necessary for animals.”
“Physical facilities are necessary and complete for
animals, while they are necessary but not complete for
humans.”

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For Animals: Animals need physical things to
survive, mainly to take care of their body.
For Humans: While physical facilities are necessary
for human beings, they are not complete by themselves
to fulfill our needs. Our needs are more than just
physical facilities; Besides physical facilities, we want
relationship.
By relationship, we mean the relationship we have
with other people, or human beings; father, mother,
brother and sisters, our friends, our teachers; we desire
good relationships with all of them
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Image

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We Want
In Relationship: Mutual Fulfilment: If there is a problem in
relationship, we feel uneasy, it bothers us. Even if we are interacting
with someone, and something we said or did offends them, it makes
us uneasy; i.e. we want mutual fulfilment in relationship.
In Physical Facilities: Prosperity in Us, Enrichment in
Nature: Prosperity means the feeling of having or being able to
have more physical facilities than is needed. If we don’t have the
feeling of prosperity we will exploit others. Similarly, as we interact
with nature for our various physical needs, either exploit nature or
enrich it. But our natural acceptance is that we want to live in
harmony with nature.


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Image

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What is our state today?
In Relationship
We are unable to have fulfilling relationships all the
time: in family, outside family, and as a society – in
the world at large
In Physical Facilities
We want to feel prosperous, but end up working only
for the accumulation of wealth. We want to enrich
nature but are exploiting it, destroying it.

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Image

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Why we are in This State? –
Living with Wrong Assumptions

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What is the Solution? – The Need
for Right Understanding
In order to resolve the issues in human relationships,
we need to understand them first, and this would come
from the ‘right understanding of relationship’.
Similarly, in order to be prosperous and to enrich
nature, we need to have the ‘right understanding’. The
‘right understanding’ will enable us to work out our
requirements for physical facilities and hence correctly
distinguish the difference between wealth and
prosperity. With nature as well, we need to understand
the harmony in nature, and how we can complement
this harmony.
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We can represent this as below:

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Presently, as we look around, we find most of
the people in the following two categories

• SVDD – Sadhan Viheen Dukhi Darinda

• SSDD – Sadhan Sampan Dukhi Darinda
• SSSS – Sadhan Sampan Sukhi Samridha
Today, we can see that there are two kinds of people in
the world:
1-) Those that do not have physical facilities/wealth and
feel unhappy and deprived.
Thus, such people can be said to be ‘materially deficient,
unhappy and deprived’ or ‘Sadhan Viheen Dukhi
Daridra’.
The short form for this can be written as SVDD!
2-) Those that have physical facilities/wealth and feel
unhappy and deprived!Thus, such people can be said to
be ‘materially affluent, but unhappy and deprived’
or ‘Sadhan Sampann Dukhi Daridra’.
The short form for this can be written as SSDD!

3-) Having physical facilities and feeling happy and

prosperous.
Such people can be said to be materially affluent, happy,
and prosperous or ‘Sadhan Sampann Sukhi Samridh’.
The short form for this can be written as SSSS!

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Where do we stand today
• At the level of Individual: rising problems of depression,
psychological disorder, suicides, stress, insecurity, health
problem
• At the level of Family: Breaking of joint family, mistrust
and insecurity in relationship, divorce, legal suits
• At the level of Society: Terrorism, casteism, wars between
nations, fear of nuclear and genetic welfare
• At the level of nature: Global warming, water, soil, air,
noise pollution, resource depletion of minerals and oil,
loss of fertility of soil
To live with continuous happiness and prosperity, the
program is ‘to understand & to live in harmony at all
levels of our living / existence’.
There are four levels of our living
1. Self
2. Family
3. Society
4. Nature
Continuous happiness is being in harmony within one
self, being in harmony with others and being harmony with
nature.
THANK YOU

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 Understanding human being as the co-existence of
the sentient ‘Self’ and the material ‘Body’
Human = I (Self) Body
Need (Respect, trust) (Food)
(Happiness) (Physical
Facility)
In Time Continuous Temporary
In Quantity Qualitative Quantitative
Fulfilled by Right Understanding Physico- Chemical Things
& Right feeling ( Food, Shelter etc.)
Activities Desiring, thinking, selecting etc. Eating, Breathing, etc
Activities Knowing, Assuming, Recognizing, Fulfilling
Recognizing, Fulfilling
Type Consciousness (Non- Material) Material

The word ‘Sentient’ is defined as experiencing sensation or feeling.

The non- materialistic happiness needed for self is called SUKH while acquiring
physical facilities can be called SUVIDHA.
Distinguishing Needs of the self (I) and body
Needs Related to Body Related to ‘I’
Nice looking car
Car for transport
Food
Tasty food
Trust
Happiness
Knowledge
50 Lac Rupees
Good health
MBA
Understanding the body as an instrument
of ‘I’
I Body
1 I am My body is
2 I want to live My body is used as an instrument (of
I)
3 I want to live with happiness For nurture of body
----> Food
For protection of body
----> Clothing, Shelter etc
For right utilization of body
----> Instruments/ equipments etc
Are needed as physical facilities
4 To understand & to live in harmony Production, protection and right
at all 4 levels utilization of physical facilities is just a
part of my program.
5 I am the seer, doer, and enjoyer Body is an instrument
DRASTA, KARTA, BHOKTA
 Understanding Myself
Power Activity
1………………………. 1.
………………………………
Self 2. …………………..... 2.
………………………………
(I) 3. Desire (Ichchha) 3. Imaging (Chitran)
4. Thought (Vichara) 4. Analyzing (Vislesana)
5. Expactation (Asa)5. Selecting/ Tasting
(Chayan/ Asvadan)

Body Information Exchange

Power is the basic capacity for that activity
How are the activities in (I) related
Power Activity
1………………………. 1.Realization
2. ………………….....
Self 2.Understanding
(I) 3. Desire (Ichchha) 3. Imaging (Chitran)
4. Thought (Vichara) 4. Analyzing (Vislesana)
5. Expactation (Asa)5. Selecting/ Tasting
(Chayan/ Asvadan)
Sensations
Body Information
Exchange
(Tasting: distinguishing the pleasantness or unpleasantness of any thought)
There are two possible flows of the activities, and both keep taking place.
From outside ( the body) to inside (in ’I’):
 ‘I’ receives sensations from the body and this is tasted in ‘I’
 Based on this taste, thought could be triggered
 Based on these thoughts, desire may be set
Ex: we may see a car

From inside (in ‘I’) to outside (the body):

 We now have the desire of a good life via the car in us
 We start thinking about how to get a car, how we can have money, etc
 Based on that we make selection
Here these activities are operated on the basis Sensation, Preconditioning, or
natural acceptance (listening to one’s inner voice) .
If they are operating on the basis of sensation, preconditioning, I am dictated
by others (PRATANTRA) and if they are operating on the basis of natural
acceptance, I am self organized (SWATANTRA)
Understanding the harmony of ‘I’ with the body: Sanyam and
Swasthya

The human body is a self- organised mechanism and made up

of several organs and glands.
Human Being = Self (‘I’) co-existence Body

Information
Harmony Consciousness Material

Sanyam ( Self-regulation)
Swasthya (Health)
Sanyam: Sanyam is the feeling of responsibility in ‘I’ towards
the body for its nurture, protection and right utilization
Swasthya: Swasthya has two elements – the body act
according to me, and there is harmony in the body.
Program to ensure Sanyam and Swasthya
Sanyam: I take the responsibility of nurturing, protection & right
utilization of body.
1. Nurturing of the body ( POSAN)
 Ingestion (Grahan)
 Digestion (Pachan)
 Excretion (Nishkasan)
2. Protection of the body ( Sanraksahan)
 Proper upkeep (Vihar) of the body
 Labour (Shram)
 Physical Exercise (Vyayam)
 Asan ( Pranayam)
 Treatment (Upchar) of the body
3. Right utilization of the body (Sadupyog)
Swasthya: 1. The body is fit to act according to the self (I)
2. There is harmony among the various parts of the body.
Understanding the Harmony in the family and society
We live in a family. In family we have relationships where
we interact with other human beings.
Family is the foundation of society, and provides the basis
of continuity of human tradition on the earth.
Harmony in the family:
1. Relationship is and it exits - between I & I
2. There are feelings in relationship - of one I with other
3. These feelings can be recognized - they are finite
4. Their fulfillment and evaluation leads to Mutual
Happiness.
These feelings ( Emotions, Values) could be as follows:
1. Trust ( Vishwas ) ----> Foundation Value
2. Respect ( Samman )
3. Affection (Sneha )
4. Care ( Mamta )
5. Guidance (Vatsalya )
6. Reverence ( Shraddha )
7. Glory ( Gaurav )
8. Gratitude ( Kritagyata )
9. Love ( Prem ) -------> Complete Value
All the feelings are already within you- understanding only
makes you aware and once you are aware of it there is
continuity of these feelings and you are able to fulfill them
Understanding the values in Human- Human
relationship:
Justice (Nyaya) : Justice is the recognition of values in
relationship, their fulfillment, right evaluation and
ensuring mutual happiness (Ubhay- Tripti).
Thus there are four elements of justice: recognition of
values, fulfillment, evaluation and mutual happiness
ensured.
We want harmony at all levels of livings. Harmony in the
family is the building block for harmony in the society.
Harmony in the society makes an undivided society,
which is the desire of each one of us.

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Harmony in the Society-From Family Order
to World Family Order.
As we begin to understand that relationship exists
between my self ( I ) and the other’s self ( I ), we begin
to see that relationship are not limited in the family but
extend to include all human beings.

Ask your self……

“ Do you want to live in harmony only within a limited

set of people or with every one.”

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Identification of the Comprehensive Human
Goal.
1-) Right understanding ( Samadhana ): In every
individual.
2-) Prosperity (Samriddhi ): In every family.
3-) Fearlessness (Abahya ): In society.
4-) Co-existence ( Saha-astitiva ): In nature.

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Where are we today
Right understanding in individual.?
Prosperity in families.?
Fearlessness( trust) in society?
Co-existence with nature.?

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Programs needed to achieve the
comprehensive human goal:
In the light of comprehensive human goal, let us
visualize how the following five salient dimensions of
human endeavor are to be shaped and implemented in
society.

The five dimensions of human Endeavour are:

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1. Education: Right living ( Siksha- Sanskara )
2. Health : Self-regulation ( Svasthya-Sanyama )
3. Justice : Preservation ( Nyaya-Suraksha )
4. Production: Work ( Utpadana-Karya )
5. Exchange : Storage ( Vinimaya- Kosa )

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Harmony in Nature.

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Interconnectedness and Mutual
fulfillment( Parasparta Aur Parasparta
Purakata )

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Material Order, Pranic Order,
Animal Order, Human Order.

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Understanding the Four Order.

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Human Being- Our State Today.

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Harmony in Existence- Understanding
Existence as Co-Existence.( Space- Sunya )

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Providing the Basis for Universal
Human Value and Ethical Human
Conduct.
Values in Different Dimensions of Human
Living:
Utility value: The participation of a human being in ensuring
the role of physical facility in nurture, protection and providing means
for the body.
Artistic value: The participation of a human being in ensuring
the role of physical facility to help and preserve its utility.

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Definitiveness of Ethical Human
Conduct.
Values ( mulya ):

Policy ( niti ):

Character ( charitra ):

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Implication of Value-based Living.
At the level of individual.

At the level of family.

At the level of society.

At the level of nature.

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Thank You

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