Operating

SYSTEMS
Systems
 Generations of Computer

•
1st Generation (No Operating System)

•
2nd Generation

•
3rd Generation
Operating System is used..
•
4th Generation

•
5th Generation
 History of computers
1st Generation Computers
1. First generation 1945 - 1955
1.
vacuum
First tubes, plug
generation boards
1945 - 1955
 Still very slow and used for scientific calculations
 vacuum tubes, plug boards
2. No
 OS
Still was
very needed
slow and used for scientific calculations
3.
2. Programs
No OS waswere entered by setting some
needed
3.
switches
Programs were entered by setting some
switches
2nd History of computers
Generation Computers
 Second generation 1955 – 1965
transistors, batch systems
 Universities started to buy computers (spending millions of
dollars)
 Punched cards were used
 To run a job (a program or a set of related programs) first
 Second generation 1955 – 1965
punch it batch
 transistors, and give the deck to the
systems(single operators
stream batch and wait forsystems
processing the
output
as data (batch
were operation)
submitted in groups or batches.
 Computers were single user
 General Motors Research Laboratories implemented the first
operating systems in early 1950's for their IBM 701
 Punched cards were used
 To run a job (a program or a set of related programs) first punch it
and give the deck to the operators and wait for the output (batch
operation)
IBMComputers
STRETCH were single user

DEC PDP-1
 What is an operating
System?
A program that acts as an intermediary between a user of
a computer and the computer hardware.
Operating system goals:
1. Execute user programs and make solving user problems
easier.
2. Make the computer system convenient to use.
3. Use the computer hardware in an efficient manner.
4. Allows efficient usage; parallel activity, avoids
wasted cycles.
5. Provides information protection.
6. Gives each user a slice of the resources.
7. Acts as a control program.
 Features of operating system

1. Program execution.
2. Interrupts
3. Protected mode and supervisor mode.
4. Memory management
5. Virtual Memory
6. Multitasking
7. Disk access and file systems
8. Device drivers
9. Networking
10. Security
 Need of operating system

1.Operating System provides a stable and

consistent way to deal with hardware without
having to know all the details of the
hardware.
2. To manage the hardware and software
resources.
3. It plays the role of good parent, making
sure that each application gets the necessary
resources while playing nicely with other
applications.
 Various operating systems
developed by various
companies
Operating system Platform Developer
AIX/AIXL Various IBM
AmigaOS Amiga Commodore
BSD Various BSD
Caldera Linux Various SCO
Corel Linux Various Corel
Debian Linux Various GNU
DUnix Various Digital
DYNIX/ptx Various IBM
HP-UX Various Hewlett Packard
IRIX Various SGI
Kondara Linux Various Kondara
 Previous versions of
windows
Release date Product name Notes Last 

May 1990 Windows 3.x Unsupported 5

July 1993 Windows NT Unsupported 5

August 1995 Windows 95 Unsupported 5.5

June 1998 Windows 98 Unsupported 6

February 2000 Windows 2000 No longer supported 6

Extended Support until July 13,
September 2000 Windows Me 6
2010[2]

Current for SP2 and SP3

October 2001 Windows XP 8
(RTM and SP1 unsupported).

November 2006 Current. Version Changed to NT

(volume licensing) Windows Vista 6.0.6001 with SP1 (February 4 8
January 2007 (retail) 08)

July 2007 Windows Home Server Current 8

February 2008 Windows Server 2008 Current 8

October 22, 2009 Windows 7 Current 8

 Various operating systems
developed by various
companies
Operating system Platform Developer
Linux Various Linus Torvalds
MAC OS 8 Apple Macintosh Apple
MAC OS 9 Apple Macintosh Apple
MAC OS 10 Apple Macintosh Apple
MAC OS X Apple Macintosh Apple
Mandrake Linux Various Mandrake
MINIX Various MINIX
MS-DOS 1.x IBM / PC Microsoft
MS-DOS 2.x IBM / PC Microsoft
MS-DOS 3.x IBM / PC Microsoft
MS-DOS 4.x IBM / PC Microsoft
 Various operating systems
developed by various
companies
Operating system Platform Developer
MS-DOS 5.x IBM / PC Microsoft
MS-DOS 6.x IBM / PC Microsoft
NEXTSTEP Various Apple
OSF/1 Various OSF
QNX Various QNX
Red Hat Linux Various Red Hat
SCO Various SCO
Slackware Linux Various Slackware
 Windows xp
 Windows has had a makeover for XP

 Updated graphics
 Clearer Text especially on Flat panel LCD screens (like those on
your new systems)
 Task-oriented interface: Copy, move or delete files and folders
conveniently
 Improved user
Improved user
interface
interface
- New ways to look at your files and folders
 1) More convenient ways of viewing graphics,
multimedia
 2) Easier to organize your display
- My Documents and My Computer now
Task-oriented
 1) A left pane presents tasks varying according
to what you select on the right
 2) Easier file and folder management
 Familiar features
 For the user, Windows XP is not a radical break with Windows’
past
 You can still do almost everything as you used to
 New possibilities save time
 Many improvements “under the hood”
 More stable programming core
 Based on Windows NT/ Windows 2000 architecture
 Windows 7 overview
What is Windows 7 ?

What is Windows 7?
Windows 7 was released to Manufacturing on July 22,2009,and reached
general retail availability on October 22,2009.
 s 7
ow
in d
n W
s i
i l e
g F
gi n
n a
M a
 Benefits of windows 7
 Performance : Windows 7 starts, shuts down, and resumes from
Standby faster than earlier versions of Windows.
 Reliability :Reliability improvements in Windows 7 include a
Fault Tolerant Heap that resolves common memory management
issues.
 Application Compatibility :A key engineering goal for
Microsoft is that software that runs on Windows Vista will run as
well or better on Windows 7.
 Device Compatibility : As with software, Microsoft set an
engineering goal that devices that work with Windows Vista will
also work with Windows 7—and has greatly expanded the list of
devices and peripherals that are being tested for compatibility
 Security : Windows 7 delivers new capabilities to better protect
your security and privacy, and makes existing security features
such as User Account Control and Windows Defender easier to
use.
 Improved Battery Life : Improvements to power management in
Windows 7 will help extend the battery life of your mobile PC.
 Windows 7 requirements
Architecture 32-bit 64-bit
Processor 1 GHz 32-bit 1 GHz 64-bit
processor processor
Memory (RAM) 1 GB of RAM 2 GB of RAM
Graphics Card DirectX 9 graphics processor with WDDM
driver model 1.0 (For Aero)

HDD free space 16 GB of available 20 GB of available

disk space disk space

Optical drive DVD drive (only to install from DVD/CD

Media)
 Features of windows 7
 More personal: Redecorate your desktop with fun new themes,
slide shows, or handy gadgets.
 Performance improvements: Designed to sleep and resume
quicker, be less memory hungry, and spot USB devices faster.
 Play To: Play your media on other PCs, stereos, or TVs around the
house.
 Remote Media Streaming: Enjoy music and video on your home
PC—even when you\'re not at home.
 Windows Touch: Pair Windows 7 with a touch screen and you
won't always need a keyboard or mouse.
 WINDOWS 8

11/30/12
 START
S CRE E
N

11/30/12
 Customize the image you see on Windows 8 Lock screen as well as
details of unread mails or missed instant messages.
http://www.everythingabouttablets.net/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/lock.2.png
THANK YOU