Week 2:

CLEANING UP ON
COMPLETION
OF IRRIGATION
ACTIVITIES
Prepared by: DAGANDAN, MANDIN, CALMA,
ANIÑON, GIDA, PANSAG, CUATON, PASCIOLES
 NON- HAZARDOUS
BIODEGRADABLE
BIODEGRADABLE
Lesson 1:
PROCEDURES
FOR STORAGE
AND DISPOSAL
OF WASTE
MATERIALS.
Storage and Disposal of Farm Wastes
1. STORAGE:
● Locate farm waste storage areas away from food
handling, input storage, and livestock housing areas
to prevent cross-contamination,and avoid
attracting pests. Make sure the farm waste
storage areas and containers are adequate for the
amount of waste generated between disposal times.
Clean farm waste storage areas often enough to
avoid creating conditions that can cause cross-
contamination or attract pests.
2. Disposal:
➡️Remove farm waste often enough
and in a manner to prevent cross-
contamination and avoid attracting
pests.
➡️Dispose all materials according to
municipal by-laws and provincial
regulations.
 Agricultural waste are define as the
residues from growing and processing of raw
agricultural products such as fruits, meat,
poultry, dairy products, and crops. This can be
form in solid, liquid or slurries depending on
the nature of agricultural activities.
Furthermore, agricultural industry residues
and waste constitute a significant proportion
of worldwide agricultural activity.
AGRICULTURAL WASTE:
include a wide varied
● Plant Materials group of plants parts from
many species.
Is a grass, legume or other
● Hay herbaceousplants that
have been cut dried and
stored for use as animal
fodder, particularly for
grazing animals.
 Is a plant considered
● Weed undesirable in a particular
situation; “a plant in a
wrong place"
Is a small thin terminal
● Twig branch of a woody plant.
Is a light string or strong
thread composed of two
● Twine or smaller strand or yarn
twisted, and then twisted
together.
 Is often a mixture of animal
● Animal Manure faces and bedding straw
like those found in a stable.
Is derived from fuel: it is a
● Feed Refuse treated solid waste that can
act as fuel in heating or
electricity generation
system.
Used to store agricultural
● Empty sacks product.
 Is a fish that does not have
● Trash Fish food value.

Is a commercial product
● Fish Meal made from fish and bones
and often from processed
fish.
Is the out flowing of water
● Effluent or gas from a natural body
of water or a man-made
structure.
DANGEROUS AND HAZARDOUS WASTE
• Pesticides – insecticides (bug killers), herbicides
(weed killers), and fungicides (fungus killers) are
all pesticides.
• Syringe – is a simple pump consisting of a
plunger that fits in a tube.
• Expired Biologics – are the expiry dates for
major patents on best-selling biological products.
•spoiled Milk
•Diseased plant and plants parts
Steps Involved in waste management
1. Reduction of waste
2. Recycling of waste
3. Treatment of waste
4. Disposal of waste
• Reduction of waste – the first concept of
waste management is reduction in the
quantity of waste. This can be achieved by
concentration and segregation.
• Concentration – the waste that are
generated during various industrial
processes are concentrated using modern
methods, such as precipitation and
decantation techniques.
• segregation – the waste are segregated
according to their chemical composition,
hazard potential, and physical nature. This
will help in their eventual disposal.
• Recycling of waste – this is a
method by which wastes can be
further used through reprocessing.
• Treatment of waste – waste are
treated to reduce and neutralized the
toxicity.
• Disposal – it is the disposal of
waste to a landfill site.
COMMON METHODS OF WASTE DISPOSAL
1. Open Dumping – is the oldest, simplest, and
most common method of disposing waste. Its
drawback, bread pest, and microorganisms,
pollute air, surface water, and ground water.

2. Sanitary Landfill – is a disposal site that

does not create a hazard for public health
and where solid waste are regulated and
controlled.
Advantages:
a. No open burning
b. Less odor
c. Less cost
d. Accommodate huge amount of waste
e. Landfill can be used for other purposes.
Disadvantage:
a. More noise pollution.
b. Space problem
c. Emits greenhouse gases
d. Ground water pollution
e. Slow decomposition
3. Ocean Dumping – ocean is the biggest
reservoir. The disadvantage is the habitat change
of organisms is adversely affected in the marine
ecosystem.

4. Drainage Dumping – it is one of the most

common practices in which the waste are drained
directly into the water bodies like rivers, lakes,
ponds, ocean, and etc. Although it is economical, it
pollute water making it unfit for use.
5. Incineration – it is a modern method of
waste disposal by burning waste material. The
plant in which the wastes are burnt is called
incinerator. It is applicable for medical waste.

6. Composting – it is a biochemical process

in which organic materials decompose to form
humus. This method is useful for the disposal
of biodegradable wastes.
3R Rule for Waste Disposal
1. Reduce – with individual efforts, we can
reduce the waste we produce in the
workplace.
2. Reuse – we can use the same thing again
and for different purposes.
3. Recycle – we can reform glass, plastics,
metal, cans, and paper objects, and convert
them into a useful substance/ material.
 LESSON 2:

ROUTINE CLEANING, MAINTENANCE AND STORAGE OF TOOLS AND

EQUIPMENT.
SIMPLE GENERAL REMINDERS
•METAL – to prevent rust or corrosion, the metal
need either painting with a good metal primer or
regular coating with oil.
• SHARPENING – keeping the tools sharp usually
means less effort is required when using them, so,
less strain is applied.
• WASHING – if tools are keep clean they are less
likely to corrode or have moving parts size.
• STORING – keeping tools stored properly means
they are less likely to be damaged, lost, or stolen.
GENERAL CLEANING PROCEDURES
• Be properly trained on the cleaning procedure.
• Develop a cleaning program and schedule
according to the recommended frequency and the
cleaning program should be monitored to ensure its
effectiveness.
• Cleaning must not take place while fresh
vegetables are being harvested, packed, handled,
and stored.
• Water used for cleaning must be safe
• The cleaning of equipment, tools, and containers
must take place in a designated area away from
the field, and the storage of agricultural inputs and
fresh vegetables.
• When using cleaning and disinfection chemicals,
the farmer and/or farm worker must be familiar
with the instruction and used of this products.
• Strictly adhere to all precautionary statements
and mixing instructions.
• Protect equipment, tools, container, and fresh
vegetables when working with any chemical.
Other Reminders:
a. Make sure the tools are free of foreign
matter or obstruction that may impede the
efficient and safe of use of said implements.
b. Make sure that worn or damaged parts are
replaced promptly. This includes pull-start
cords that might be frayed.
c. Make sure that all moving parts are well-
lubricated.
 d. Protect any parts that are likely to rust or
become corroded with paint or wipe with an oil
rag.
e. Keep battery terminals free of corrosion.
Cover terminals with a smear of petroleum
jelly. Battery level should be topped up. All
connection should be kept tight.
f. Make sure any oil is kept topped up,
drained, and replaced at regular intervals.
Follow manufacturers recommendations.
 g. Keep air cleaners clean and
unblocked.
h. Keep any cutting edges
properly sharpened.
I. Periodically check-up and
tighten any loose nuts, bolts,
screws, etc.
MAINTAINING FARM TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT.
Maintenance is work that is done
regularly to keep tools and equipment in
good condition and working order. We
need to learn the different kind of
maintenance in order to identify he
activities and proper procedures in the
management of facilities as well as the
time, money, and materials involved.
Types of Maintenance
1. Preventive maintenance – It prevents or
finds defects before they develop into a
breakdown.
2. Corrective maintenance – The
maintenance task initiated as a result of the
observed condition of an asset or system
before or after functional failure or correct a
problem.
3. Emergency maintenance – it is
performed to put the item on hand
immediately to avoid serious
consequences, such as loss of production,
disrupted schedule, extensive damage to
assets, idle worker or for safety reasons.
This should be requested as soon as you
become aware of a problem.
Purposes of maintenance

1. To extend the useful life of tools and

equipment
2. To assure the operational readiness of
equipment and maximum possible
return on investments
3. To properly discard hazardous waste;
and
4. To ensure the safety of the user.
Factors to consider when maintaining Farm tools
and equipment

1. Manpower
2. Money (financial resources)
3. Methods and system
4. Machines (facilities)
5. Materials and supplies
Maintenance Program
it includes all Maintenance activities to be
undertaken, manpower needed, Maintenance
methods to be used, all materials and supplies
needed, and cost involved in the maintenance.

Maintenance Schedule
It is a list allocating specific maintenance of
an areas, including tools and equipment for a
specified period. It is also just a part of the
maintenance program.
Maintenance Checklist
it is a list of maintenance task typically
derived through some analysis, generated
automatically as a work orders at predetermine
frequency.

Tool Maintenance and safety rules

according to Asuncion (1991), tools and
equipment will last longer when properly kept
and maintained. A good worker keeps and takes
care of his tools.
Pointers to follow in keeping tools in good
condition.
1. Be sure to inspect tool and equipment before
using them to check if they are in the good
condition.
2. After using a tool, clean it thoroughly with
damp cloth before keeping it in the tool
cabinet.
3. Oil the metal parts of a tool to prevent any
form of damage that may be caused by air,
water, or rust.
Safety Rules to follow to avoid accident
1. Avoid wearing of loose clothing. Sleeves
should be fitting and shirts tucked in as
much as possible.
2. Injuries or accidents that occur should be
reported immediately to the teacher.
3. Never use your lips to fold small materials
like fastener or any small metal articles
when working.
4. Never throw tools of any type around.
5. Keep working areas clean and free
from shaving of any kind.
6. Ensure the safety of your classmate
when carrying long and heavy tools to
avoid accident.
7. Never use dull or damage tool.
8. Keep fingers away from the edge of
cutting tools.
5S in Cleaning and Maintaining tools and
equipment
• seire (sort) – taking out and
disposing of unnecessary items.
• seiton (systematize) – arranging
tools, equipment, and materials for
easy and most efficient access.
• seiso (sweep) – cleaning even if
things are not dirty.
• seiketsu (standardize) –
maintaining the workplace in high
standard housekeeping

• shitsuke (self-discipline) – doing

things spontaneously without being
told
 REPORT
PREPARATION OF
WORK
OUTCOMES.
 STEPS TO MAKE AN OUTCOME
REPORT.

STEP 1: DETERMINE THE CAUSE.

By the name of it, outcome
reports are made to determine the
outcome of a project or an event.
STEP 2: TAKE RECORDS DURING THE EVENT
To make a report, an important task is to take
record while the event is occurring.
STEP 3: PROVIDE SUMMARY
The first part of writing the report is to provide
summary of the project or the event for which the
report is being made.
STEP 4: MARK THE PROGRESS
Three is no use of making an outcome report if
the report does not show how much the individual
has progress
STEP 5: PROVIDE A COMPARISON
The income report must be able to show
to show a comparison between the current status
of the event and the ideal status that the event
should reach.
STEP 6: DO THE ANALYSIS
An assessment of the effect on the event
should be produced and submitted in the
outcome report for any variances recorded and
reported between the goals and real
achievements.
IMPORTANCE OF RECORD
KEEPING
Record keeping is very important
in any venture especially in
agricultural enterprise. It provides
substantial information important in
decision making.
FARM RECORDS
1. Cash records – This is a record of the
cash accounts in a project.
2. Farm Sales Record – This is used to record
all sales in rice production.

3. Stock Record – this Record shows the

stock of supplies and materials needed by
the farm for all farming activities.
4. Production Record – this record determines
the annual profitability of a farm enterprise.

5. Cost and Profit analysis – this record tells

the farmer how much profit he/she gains for
the project undertaken.
Other Farm Records
1. Daily Farm Records – these are the
records of all important daily activities
and events that happen on the farm.
2. Record of Farm Implement and
Equipment – this is use to keep an
inventory of all the equipment in the Farm
and their quantity.
3. Record of Agricultural Inputs – it is use
to keep track of all Agricultural input such as
fertilizers, seeds, and etc.

4. Record of Livestock and Livestock

reduces – farmers keep different Records
of Livestock for each type in the farm.
5. Record of Animal Feed – it is for
keeping an inventory of the types of animal
feeds and the quantity purchased, used,
and in stock on a daily basis.

6. Production Records – These are use

to document everything that is produced in
the farm.
7. Records for Farm Use – this is for
recording the date the land was prepared
for farming, the number of plot or hectares
used in planting, plants planted on the farm
and where they are planted.

8. Farm Expenditure Records – Theses

are for keeping a record of all expenditures.
9. Workers Records – these are used to
keep a record of staffs, their salaries and
payment.

10. Vehicles Records – these are used to

keep a record of all vehicles used in the
farm, petrol and oil use, and also any
repair and servicing including the dates of
the repair of servicing.
11. Sales Record – is for all sales made from
farm produce.

12. Inventory Record – it is initially prepared

to check the items that are present, available
for used, and adequate for the training
activities.