Title given to those who were “enlightened.

”
Buddha

Dharma Sum teachings of Buddhism

Community of Buddhist monks and nuns.

Sangha Preserve the Dharma

1
 Escape
Freedom

Understand

Un rki
wo
ing Life

de ngs
m. f
his l o

rst o
an f L
dd goa

di IF
ng E.
Bu nd

th
ee

ENLIGHTEN

e
Th

MENT 2
 NIRVAN
A
The end goal of enlightenment.

The state that one enters after being enlightened.

The state of being free from the cycle of death and

rebirth ----- SAMSARA

Escaping from suffering ---- anger, greed, and delusion.

3
HOW TO REACH
NIRVANA?

4
THERAVADA
BUDDHISM
Sacred Scripture
and Doctrines

Digging deeper on how to

end worldly suffering
Learning Objectives

At the end of the discussion, students

are expected to:

• 1. Enumerate the Four Noble Truths and

Eight-fold Path of Buddhism.

• 2. Understand the concept of the Law of

Dependent Origination and the Impermanence
of Things.

• 3. Explain the relationship between the Middle

Path and the doctrines of Theravada
Buddhism 6
SACRED SCRIPTURE
The Tripitaka is the oldest record of Buddhist teachings

7
 TIPITAKA/TRIPITAKA
• The collection of Buddhist
scriptures or Buddhist canon.
Vinaya Pitaka (discipline basket)
Contains rules of conduct for the community of monks
and nuns.

Sutta Pitaka (sutra, or sayings, basket)

Collection of the discourses by the Buddha and his
disciples. All of Theravada Buddhism's main teachings are
in this pitaka, The Buddha's teachings on doctrine,
behavior and meditation are included.

Abhidhamma Pitaka (higher knowledge, or teachings, basket)

Collection of writings, songs, stories and poetry that focuses primarily on
philosophy and psychology, and explains Buddhist doctrine.
8
DOCTRINES and
BELIEFS
Understanding the innerworkings of THERAVADA BUDDHISM

9
IMPERMANENCE
OF THINGS
NOTHING IS
PERMANENT

Everything that exists is

subject to change

10
11
 LAW OF DEPENDENT
ORIGINATION

EVERYTHING IS
CONNECTED

Rule of CAUSE and

EFFECT:
Every effect has a definite
cause and every cause has
a define effect
12
13
 D
U
K
Everyone suffers; K
H
A

HOW TO END
SUFFERING and
REACH NIRVANA?
FIND THE MIDDLE WAY-----
ENLIGHTENMENT via
THE FOUR NOBLE
TRUTH
14
15
 FOUR NOBLE TRUTHS

1. Suffering exists.

2. Suffering arises from cravings/desire.

3. Eliminating craving eliminates suffering.

4. The way to eliminate craving and suffering is 16

by following the eightfold path

17
 Bl pure
es
na

se in h
a

d
dh

ar eart
a/

e
n
Da

th
e
Blessed are the
meek

10
command
ments

18
THE END!

19
SELECTED ISSUES
War and Violence
Women in Buddhism

20
WAR and VIOLENCE

AKUSALA = War
AHIMSA = Not to Injure
Buddhists have historically used
scriptures to justify violence or
form exceptions to commit
violence for various reasons.

"We now have no choice but to exercise the

benevolent forcefulness of 'killing one in order 21

that many may live' (issatsu tashō)"

 WAR and VIOLENCE

in the 14th century Buddhist fighters

led the uprising that evicted the
Mongols from China

in Japan, Buddhist monks trained

Samurai warriors in meditation that
made them better fighters

In the twentieth century Japanese Zen masters wrote in support of Japan's wars of
aggression. For example, Sawaki Kodo (1880–1965) wrote this in 1942:

“It is just to punish those who disturb the public order. Whether one kills or does not kill, 22

the precept forbidding killing [is preserved]. It is the precept forbidding killing that wields
the sword. It is the precept that throws the bomb.”
Women in Buddhism

• Bhikkunis – women monk who were expert in

teaching the dharma.

• Siddhartha Gautama recognized the role of

women in the Sangha.

Men and women are

equal in Buddhism 23
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