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Interaksi Obatem
Interaksi Obatem
Interaksi Obatem
Pharmacodynamics
Pharmacokinetics
a)Altered pH;
The non-ionized form of a drug is more lipid
soluble and more readily absorbed from GIT than the
ionized form does.
Decrease the pH Decrease the tablet
Ex1., antiacids
dissolution
of Ketoconazole (acidic)
Ex2., pH
H2 antagonists
or
Milk (Ca2+ ) Unabsorpable complex
Decrease absorption of
ciprofloxacin by 85%
due to chelation
d) Drug-induced mucosal damage.
Antineoplastic agents e.g., cyclophosphamide
vincristine
procarbazine
Inhibit absorption
of several drugs
eg., digoxin
e) Altered motility
Metoclopramide (antiemitic)
Inhibits oxidative
EX., Omeprazole of diazepam
metabolism
First-pass metabolism:
Ex2., Antacids
Increases salicylates
clearance and decreases its
action
Interaksi farmakodinamik
It means alteration of the dug action without
change in its serum concentration by
pharmacokinetic factors.
Macam inetraksi Fdinamik
Receptor interaction
Competitive
Non-competitive
Sensitivity of receptor
Number of receptor
Affinity of receptor
Synergistic or additive
EX., Propranolol + verapamil
effect
Increase bleeding
interactions Pharmaceutical
Chemical or physiological interactions
Vitamin C + amphotericin B
Pennicilin + Vitamin C
Interaksi obat dg makanan
Ada banyak yg belum jelas
Pada sejumlah senyawa makanan akan menunda absorpsi
karena perubahan PH lambung&motilitas usus, misal
makanan akan menunda/menurunkan absorpsi
INH&rifampisin
Pemberian tetrasiklin bareng susu(makanan yg
mengandung Ca, Mg &Fe) absorpsinya akan berkurang
Obat yg bersifat lipofil akan meningkatkan absorpsinya
jika diberikan bersamaan makanan misalnya griseofulvin,
spironolakton&fenitoin
•Onset of drug interaction
It may be seconds up to weeks for example in
case of enzyme induction, it needs weeks for protein synthesis
, while enzyme inhibition occurs rapidly.