UNIT 1: Living

organisms: plants.
NATURAL SCIENCE.
CEIP Beethoven
2022-2023
PLANTS carry out three vital functions:

NUTRITION is the process of getting food to

obtain energy or to grow and
release waste.

INTERACTION is the reaction to changes in

the enviroment.

REPRODUCTION is producing offspring.

TYPES OF LIVING ORGANISMS

- They are very simple

- They are microscopic
Examples: Examples: Examples:
Fish Pine tree Mushrooms - They live in water
Birds Rosemary Mould - They are microscopic
Insects Poopy Yeast
Humans
 Plants nutrition: photosynthesis.

To make their own food, plants take simple substances from soil,
air and light and perform the process of photosynthesis.

Plants absorb:

• Water and minerals from the

soil through their roots. (xylem
sap).

• Carbon dioxide from the air.

• Energy from sunlight.

Photosynthesis.

The process of photosynthesis uses

the energy from sunlight, combined
with carbon dioxide and water, to
convert xylem sap into phloem sap,
which feeds the plant, and expels
oxygen as waste.
Respiration in
plants
 At night, when photosynthesis stops,

plants need to take in OXYGEN from

the air. During this time, they release

CARBON DIOXIDE.
The interaction function in plants
 Definition: How plants react and adapt to changes
 They don’t have sense organs

 They react to light, water or contact:

• LIGHT:
 They grow towards sunlight.
 Flowers bloom depending on the light.
• WATER:
 Roots grow and look for water.
• CONTACT:
 Some plants grow over and around
objects they touch.
 Plants and seasons
 Seasons affect plants greatly

 Spring time:
 Grow buds and leaves
 Produce flowers

 Autumn time:
 Some trees lose their leaves Decidious
 Some trees keep their leaves Evergreen
 Lose flowers
The reproduction function in plants.
 Through the reproduction function, plants produce offspring.
There are two types of reproduction :

ASEXUAL
SEXUAL

FLOWERING TUBERS
PLANTS

SPORES RHIZOMES

STOLONS
 SEXUAL REPRODUCTION
1.Pollination It develops two types of processes:

 It is the arrival of pollen from the stamens of one flower to the

pistil of another.

 Pollen is transported by pollinators (insects).

2.Fertilisation.
It is the union of the pollen grain and the egg (ovule), which
is fertilised and develops into a seed.
 SEXUAL REPRODUCTION
Seed and fruit formation
 The pistil changes size and shape and protects the seeds
inside.

Germination
 The development of the embryo cointained within the

seed to form a new plant.