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The nature of energy
Energy can exist in different forms.
Look at the list of energy forms below and try to find
examples of each.
Energy type Examples
Thermal
Light
Sound
Elastic
Gravitational
Kinetic
Electrical
Chemical
Nuclear
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Here are some answers:

Energy type Examples

Thermal hot water, a hot radiator
Light light bulbs, Bunsen flame
Sound talking, TV, radio
Elastic a door closer, clockwork toys
Gravitational a book on a high shelf, a flying ball
Kinetic anything that is moving
Electrical anything electrical
Chemical food, batteries, burning things
Nuclear nuclear bombs, and power stations

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The nature of energy

Energy can be changed from one form to another.

Examples:

Chemical energy in food is converted to thermal

energy and kinetic energy by our bodies.

Gravitational energy in a ball is converted to kinetic

energy when it falls to the ground.

What other energy transfers can you think of?

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Suggest the energy transfer for the devices below:

A match burning chemical to heat and light

A portable torch chemical to heat and light
A microphone sound to electrical
A radio electrical to sound and heat
A TV electrical to sound and light and heat
A catapult elastic to kinetic and heat
A mobile phone chemical to sound and microwaves
(EM radiation) and heat
A car chemical to kinetic & sound & heat
Click for answers

In all these transfers, energy is conserved.

Energy cannot be destroyed or created.

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Energy resources

We all use chemical energy (food) to live and function.

However, in a modern society we also use large amounts of
energy from other sources.

Think of some activities requiring energy:

Traveling and communicating over long distances.

Controlling our environment - air conditioning / heating.

Manufacturing and building many kinds of materials and

products – e.g. roads, cars, buildings, prepared food.

The pie diagram on the next slide shows where the

energy comes from for some of these activities.

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Energy supplies in Britain

25%

coal
nuclear
35% hydro-electric
oil
30% natural gas

1% 9%

These energy resources can be divided into two types:

renewable and non-renewable.
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Non-renewable energy sources

Oil Coal Natural gas

Oil, coal and natural gas are examples of fossil fuels.

They were formed from biological deposits over the
course of millions of years.
There is a finite amount of these materials on the Earth
so they will run out eventually.
Once they are used up they cannot be regenerated and
used again.

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Renewable energy sources

These will not run out

because they can easily be
regenerated.
Examples are wind power,
solar power, tidal power and
biomass.

Only 1% of the UK’s energy comes from these sources.

Can you think of a reason why?

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Energy

The Sun
The original source of most
energy resources.
Plants store the sun’s energy
through photosynthesis.
Animals then eat the plants.

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© Boardworks Ltd 2001
 Natural gas
Oil

The Sun
Coal
The original source
of most energy
resources.

biomass food

waves Wind

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How coal was formed

About 300 million years ago, plants

photosynthesized and stored the
Sun’s energy.
Coal

Dead plants fell into swampy water and the mud

stopped them from rotting away.
Over the years, the mud piled up and squashed the
plants.
After millions of years under this pressure, the mud
became rock and the plants became coal.

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Coal Formation

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How oil was formed

Oil is also biological in origin. Millions of years ago tiny

animals lived in the sea. Like now their ecosystem was
dependent on heat and light from the Sun and
photosynthesis by plants. When they died they fell into
mud and sand at the bottom of the sea but didn’t rot away.

Over millions of years, they got buried deeper by the mud

and sand. The temperature and pressure (caused by the
weight of the sediments and deep burial) changed the
mud and sand into rock and the dead animals into crude
oil and natural gas.

This sample of crude oil was formed in Southern

England. Crude oil formed in other parts of the world
can be very different in appearance and viscosity.
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Oil formation

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