THEILERIO

SIS
INTRODUCTIO
N
Theileriosis in cattle is a tick-
borne disease
caused by haemoprotozoa Theile
ria spp. The disease is manifested
by high fever, enlarged
lymph nodes, severe anemia,
and death in some
infected animals.
 ETIOLOGY OF THEILERIOSIS
SPECIES​ AFFECTED ANIMALS​ DISEASE CAUSED​
Theileria parva​ Cattle and Buffalo​ East Coast Fever​
Theileria annulata​ Cattle and Yak​ Tropical theileriosis (TT)
or Mediterranean
theileriosis ​

T. orientalis​ Cattle, water buffalo, Sheep Oriental theileriosis (OT)

and Yak​ or Theileria-associated
bovine anaemia (TABA)​

Theileria lestoquardi ​ Sheep​ Malignant ovine theileriosis

(T. hirci)​ (MOT)​

​ ​ ​
 TRANSMISSION

Theileria species Vector Tick

T. parva Rhipicephalus

T. annulata Hyalomma

T. orientalis Haemaphysalis
 Clinical Signs of Theileria
• Lymph nodes swelling is 1st sign.
• Fever in 1-4 days (103° - 104°F)
• Faeces contain bloody mucous.
• Watery discharge from eyes, sometimes photophobia and peripheral
corneal opacity.
• Anemia with bilirubinemia and bilirubinuria and sometimes clinical
jaundice.
• A fatal condition seen called as "Turning Sickness" manifested by
neurological signs.
 Pathological Findings
• Enlarged spleen and lymph nodes.
• Petechial haemorrages on serous and mucosal membranes.
• Punched ulcers in the abomassum.
 Diagnosis of Theileriosis
• Clinical signs : high fever, lymph nodes swelling, anemia.
• Lymph nodes biopsy.
• Blood and lymph nodes smear : Koch's blue body
• Punched ulcers in the abomassum.
• Serological tests : IFA, CFT, HI
 Differential Diagnosis
1. Heartwater : by pulmonary odema and lymph node or spleen
examination.
2. Trypanosomiasis : oedema, lymadenopathy, lymph node smear
examination.
3. Babesiosis and Anaplasmosis : because of anemia, and blood
smear examiation.
4. Malignant Catarrhal Fever : because of lymphadenopathy and
corneal opacity. Examination of blood smear.
 TREATMENT
• Tetracycline @ 5-10 mg/kg body wt. For 7-10 days
• Oxytetracycline @10mg/kg bd.wt.
• Beneril (Diminazine aceturate) @ 10mg/kg bd.wt.
• Nivaquine @ 1-15 mg/kg bd.wt.
• Supportive treatment : antihistaminics, haematinic mixtures.
• Blood transfusion is also need in severe conditions.
 Prevention and Control
• Control of ticks and control of animal movements.
• Strategic use of vaccines (tissue culture vaccines).
• Rotation of grazing lands.
• Proper screening by blood examination and lymph nodes
examination.