Safety

Chapter 5
Safety
Promoting Proper Practices

Workplace/Environmental
Considerations
 Important elements in the prevention of
accidents and cumulative injuries include:
– Good equipment
– Appropriate shop layout
– Satisfactory working conditions
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Considerations
 Effective machine placement and efficient
work flow reduces employee movement
 This reduces the number of accidents and
injuries
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Considerations
 This shop has good lighting, clear aisles, and
clean work areas
Yates Industries, Inc.
05/31/23 4
Considerations
 Proper air exchange and circulation in a shop
facility will:
– Protect the general health of all employees
– Reduce accidents through improved attention levels
of workers
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Considerations
 High noise levels can cause cumulative hearing
loss and require the use of ear protection by
employees
Reprinted courtesy of Caterpillar, Inc.
05/31/23 6
Considerations
 Light intensity requirements depend on the type
of work performed in an area
 General light levels must meet required
standards
 Supplemental light should be supplied for
detailed work
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Considerations
 Appropriate fire
extinguishers and fire
blankets must be provided
in all shop, training, and
classroom areas
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Considerations
 Working conditions cause only about 15% of
injuries on the job
 Unsafe acts of employees cause up to 85% of
industrial accidents
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Considerations
 Personal characteristics can lead to unsafe
actions:
– Lack of job knowledge
– Lack of awareness of the job hazards
– Fear of operating a machine
– Overconfidence in performing an operation
– Impatience with following procedures
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Considerations
 Concern for job security may cause workers to
risk health or injury
 New workers may duplicate bad habits of
established workers
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Considerations
 Attention-diverting activities can cause the
accident rate of employees to increase:
– Personal problems
– Conflicts or socialization with fellow employees
– Job dissatisfaction
– Traffic in the work area
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Considerations
 Providing a work
atmosphere in which
employees understand
and support safety and
health issues is a good
investment by an
employer
Eaton Fluid Power Training
05/31/23 13
Considerations
 Employee safety and health programs must be
supported by top management in order to be
successfully initiated and operated
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Considerations
 Management can obtain long-term employee
support by offering a program that
systematically:
– Provides safety and health training
– Promotes the use of protective clothing and
equipment
– Establishes emergency care procedures and
disaster plans
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Considerations
 Training should be provided to all employees
who have jobs that can adversely affect their
safety and health
 Protective gear is used to assure safety and
health of employees who perform jobs or work
in areas where total elimination of risk is
difficult
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Considerations
 Protective clothing and equipment is
commonly used to protect employees in the
areas of:
– Hearing
– Sight
– Respiration
– Head
– Feet
– Burn prevention
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Considerations
 Hearing protection may be in the form of
earplugs or earmuffs.
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Considerations
 Many operations
require appropriate
eye protection.
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General Industrial Hazard
Control Considerations
 Safety should be promoted by:
– First designing out as many hazards as possible in
equipment and facilities
– Then using employee promotion to reduce the
remaining problems
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 General housekeeping involves:
– Keeping floors and work areas clean
– Proper storage of materials
– Proper storage of tools
 Good housekeeping can greatly reduce
employee accidents and injuries
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 This facility practices good housekeeping
HYDAC Technology Corporation
05/31/23 22
 Guards must be installed when hazards cannot
be eliminated from the basic design of the
machine
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 Machine guards can be classified as:
– Fixed enclosures that cover the dangerous area
– Interlocking devices that shut off power to the
machine when danger is exposed
– Automatic devices that push or pull endangered
body parts out of the hazardous area
– Specialized designs, such as those that require
two-hand operation
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 This machine requires two-hand operation
Used with permission of CNH America LLC
05/31/23 25
 The schematic for a two-handed circuit
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 Systematic equipment maintenance promotes
safety by keeping tools and equipment in good
condition so they can properly function during
routine operation
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 Injuries often occur during the routine handling
of materials
 Workers need to be trained in the proper lifting
of heavy weights to prevent back injuries
 Workers must understand the operation of
complex material handling equipment
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 Back supports can be
used to help reduce
back injuries.
Ergodyne
05/31/23 29
Specific Fluid Power
Safety Factors
 Fluid power systems should always be
approached as if they are pressurized and ready
for operation
 Compressed gases in a pneumatic system and
the possibility of an accumulator circuit in a
hydraulic system can cause unexpected actuator
movement, even when the system is shut down
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Safety Factors
 Workers should always assume a machine is
ready to operate
Yates Industries, Inc.
05/31/23 31
Safety Factors
 Actuators are generally considered the most
dangerous of the fluid power components
because of the motion they produce
 Selecting the proper actuator and correctly
installing it will improve the safety
performance of a fluid power circuit, as well as
increase system efficiency
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Safety Factors
 Actuators are generally
the most dangerous
component in a system
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Safety Factors
 Proper sizing, alignment, and guarding of
couplings between a prime mover and a pump
or compressor is important to both the safe
operation and performance of hydraulic and
pneumatic power units
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Safety Factors
 Air receivers contribute
to the safe operation of
pneumatic systems by:
– Providing storage of
adequate air to operate
the system
– Reducing pulsations in
the air that is delivered
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Safety Factors
 When setting up a fluid power circuit, it is
safest to initially set:
– Pressure and flow control valves at their lowest
settings
– Directional controls in their normal or centered
position
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Safety Factors
 Machine controls should:
– Be located within easy reach of the operator in the
normal work area
– Be located away from moving parts
– Not interfere with the normal work surface used by
the operator
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Safety Factors
 The safe operation of compact air tools requires
that users learn to respect their power and high
speed
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Safety Factors
 Air ratchet and sockets
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Safety Factors
 Air impact wrench and sockets
05/31/23 40
Safety Requirements
and Programs
 A 1970 federal act resulted in the establishment
of the
Occupational Safety and Health Administration
(OSHA)
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Safety Requirements
and Programs
 OSHA regulates minimum requirements for
industries in areas such as:
– Fire protection
– Emergency medical treatment
– Use of personal protective equipment
– Accident record keeping and reporting
05/31/23 42

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Chapter 5

Promoting Proper Practices

Yates Industries, Inc.

Reprinted courtesy of Caterpillar, Inc.

Eaton Fluid Power Training

HYDAC Technology Corporation

Used with permission of CNH America LLC

Yates Industries, Inc.

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